3. Hyperthyroidism Flashcards
1
Q
How common is it?
A
Common
Less common than hypo-
2
Q
Who does it affect?
A
10x more common in women
Most common 20-40 y/os but can occur at any age
3
Q
What causes it?
A
Graves’ disease (autoantibodies)
Toxic adenoma
Amiodarone
Post-partum
4
Q
What risk factors are there?
A
Family history Hx of autoimmune diseases Psychological stress Smoking Female sex
5
Q
How does it present?
A
Irritability, anxiety Mood swings Insomnia Persistent fatigue Heat sensitivity Neck swelling Palpitations Weight loss
6
Q
What signs may the patient have on examination?
A
Tachycardia / irregular pulse Proptosis Tremor Pretibial myxoedema Enlarged thyroid gland Thyroid mass (adenoma) Muscle wasting, hyperreflexia Gynaecomastia in men Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
7
Q
What other conditions might present similarly?
A
Malignancy
Arrhythmias
Anxiety/stress/depression
8
Q
How would you investigate?
A
TFT, serum TSH
Thyroid radioactive iodine uptake test / USS
TRAb assay (thyrotrophin receptor antibody)
ESR
9
Q
What treatments are there?
A
Antithyroid drugs eg carbimazole
Radioactive iodine ablation
Thyroidectomy
10
Q
What complications are there?
A
Thyroid eye disease Osteoporosis Hypothyroidism (treatment) Hypertension Pregnancy complications Thyroid storm
