3: Human Biocultural and Social Evolution Flashcards
a major source of solidarity and cohesion.
group
a group of people living together in a particular place or at a particular time and having many things in common.
Society
are people who sell their productive labor for wages
Proletariat
include all the major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems organized to meet human needs
Social institutions
society’s economic system
Infrastructure
other social institutions: family, religion, political institution
Superstructure
the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness
Alienation
alienates workers in four specific ways
Capitalism
Workers have no say in production, work is tedious and
the act of working
Workers have no ownership in the product that is merely sold for profit
The products of work
Work has become competitive rather than cooperative
Other workers
Workers deny; not fulfill themselves in their work.
human potential
This is the historical change from tradition sentiments and beliefs passed from one generation to another to rationality - deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the cost effective means to accomplish a task as a dominant mode of human thought.
Rationalization of Society
a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals
Anomie
Emile Durkheim he said that change is from?
mechanical solidarity
are based on common sentiment and shared moral value that are strong among members of industrial societies
Social bonds
It is the change that occurs as a society acquires new technology
Socio-cultural evolution
During this stage, man used simple tools to hunt animals and vegetation.
Hunting and Gathering stage
use hand tools to raise crops. People started to stay in one place and grow their own food.
Horticultural societies
started the domestication and breeding of animals for food.
Pastoral societies
Members of these societies tend crops with an animal harnessed to a plow. The use of animals to pull a plow eventually led to the creation of cities and formed the basic structure of modern societies.
Agricultural Societies
Use advanced sources of energy, rather than humans and animals, to run large machinery.
Industrial Societies
This type of society that has developed over the past few decades. features an economy based on services and technology, not production.
Postindustrial Societies
