2: Defining Culture and Society Flashcards
is everything that is made, learned, or shared by the members of a society, including values, beliefs, behaviors, and material objects. It consists of beliefs, behaviors, objects and other characteristics common to a particular group or society
Culture
is the people who interact to share a common culture
Society
is the visible part of culture
Material Culture
a part of culture that is intangible but influences our behavior
Non- Material Culture
Five Components of Culture
Technology
Symbols
Language
Values
Norm
Classification of Norms
Mores
Folkways
Laws
Taboo
distinguish right from wrong
Mores
distinguish between right and rude. They are referred to as customs. They are measurements of behavior but not approved by society.
Folkways
an activity that is forbidden or sacred based on religious beliefs or morals. Breaking a _____ is extremely objectionable in society as a whole. Around the world, an act may be taboo in one culture and not in another.
Taboo
The presence of multiple cultures and cultural differences within a society
Cultural Diversity
Smaller cultural groups that exist within but differ in some way
Subcultures
In opposition to the norms and values of the dominant culture.
Countercultures
When dominant culture absorbs subcultural or countercultural groups
Assimilation
Respects cultural variations rather than requiring that the dominant culture assimilate the various cultures.
Multiculturalism
Involves judging other cultures against the standards of one’s own culture
Ethnocentrism
The perspective that a culture should be socialogically evaluated according to its own standards, and not those of any other culture.
Cultural Relativism
The spreading of standards across cultures through travel, trade, conquests, etc.
Cultural diffusion
Those who interact with one another and share similar characteristics and a sense of unity is called a __________. These groups may be families, companies, circles of friends, fraternities and sororities and local religious congregations
Social Group
is an orderly relationship or arrangement of parts
Organization
Types of Social Organization
Political organization: State (Government)
Economic organization: Factory
Religious organization: Church
Financial organization: Bank
Educational organization: school and colleges
is an arrangement of persons and parts.
Organization
means that every member of the organization has an assigned role, a position and status.
Arrangement
If a member does not follow the norms he is compelled to follow them through ______________ which may range from warning to physical punishment. e.g. expelled, dismissed.
sanctions (conditions)
