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Case Analysis > 3: Health History > Flashcards

3: Health History Flashcards

1
Q

10 questions for glaucoma patient

A
  1. what type?
  2. drops?
  3. when was last drop?
  4. first diagnosed?
  5. compliance?
  6. side effects?
  7. surgeries?
  8. records?
  9. last time seen?
  10. stability/control?
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2
Q

possible ocular results of: hypertension

A

hypertension retinopathy, CRVO, BRVO, CRAO, Macular Degeneration, Macroanuerysm, sub-conj heme

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3
Q

possible ocular results of: hypotension

A

low tension glaucoma

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4
Q

possible ocular results of: high cholesterol

A

lipemia retinalis, CRAO, BRAO, Ocular ischemic syndrome, corneal arcus, xanthelasma

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5
Q

what is lipemia retinalis?

A

when blood turns salmon orange color from too high cholesterol

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6
Q

what is ocular ischemia syndrome?

A

carotid blockage on one side from high cholesterol

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7
Q

what is xanthelasma?

A

cholesterol plaques in eyelids

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8
Q

CRVO is caused most commonly by:

A

hypertension

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9
Q

CRAO is characterized by:

A

classic cherry red spot from normal macula but blockage and lack of blood coming into posterior pole

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10
Q

possible ocular results of: diabetes type I/II

A

diabetic retinopathy, macroaneurysm, CRVO, BRVO, neovascular glaucoma

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11
Q

possible ocular results of: hyperthyroidism (specifically Grave’s disease)

A

proptosis, optic nerve compression, dry eyes, EOM restriction

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12
Q

possible ocular results of: chronic alcoholism

A

toxic optic neuropathy (pallor and unhealthy nerve)

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13
Q

possible ocular results of: hepatitis

A

retinopathy

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14
Q

possible ocular results of: vitamin A deficiency

A

night blindness, bitot’s spots, conjunctival xerosis, dry eye?

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15
Q

possible ocular results of: albinism

abnormal melanin production

A

nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, iris transillumination defects, abnormal crossing of optic nerve fibers

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16
Q

what is foveal hypoplasia?

A

underdeveloped fovea resulting from albinism

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17
Q

what is Fabry’s disease?

A

sphingolipidosis and abnormal metabolism of lipids

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18
Q

possible ocular results of: Fabry’s disease

A

vortex/whirl keratopathy

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19
Q

possible ocular results of: Gout

A

iritis, band keratopathy

b/c calcium builds up across cornea

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20
Q

possible ocular results of: Marfan’s syndrome

A

ectopia lentitis, glaucoma

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21
Q

what is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

abnormal fibrillin

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22
Q

what is ectopia lentis?

A

dislocation of the lens “up and out” seen in Marfan’s syndrome

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23
Q

possible ocular results of: osteogenesis imperfecta

A

blue sclera

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24
Q

possible ocular results of: Wilson’s disease

A

kayser-fleischer ring (brown copper arcus)

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25
Q

what is Wilson’s disease?

A

can’t metabolize copper

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26
Q

what causes Myasthenia gravis?

A

antibodies block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

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27
Q

possible ocular results of: Myasthenia gravis?

A

ptosis, EOM fatigue

28
Q

what is Alport’s syndrome?

A

genetic condition that leads to end stage kidney disease

29
Q

possible ocular results of: Alport’s syndrome?

A

macular flecks, PSC, lenticonus

30
Q

possible ocular results of: Wilm’s tumor

31
Q

what cancers are more likely to metastasize to the eyes?

A

breast and lung cancers

32
Q

possible ocular results of: Leukemia

A

Roth spots in retina

33
Q

what are roth spots?

A

retinal hemorrhage spots with white centers caused by Leukemia

34
Q

possible ocular results of: Lymphoma

A

conjunctival lymphoma, intraocular lymphoma

35
Q

possible ocular results of: familial adenomatous polyposis

A

CHRPE (specific type related to genetic colon cancer)

36
Q

possible ocular results of: sickle cell anemia

A

retinopathy, angioid streaks

37
Q

what are angioid streaks?

A

lines that radiate around the optic nerve, breaks in brook’s membrane where blood vessels from choroid came into retina

38
Q

what is a nevus of ota ?

A

dermal and ocular melanocytosis, increased blueish pigment, CN 5 involvement

39
Q

possible ocular results of:

Nevus of Ota

A

glaucoma, ocular melanoma

40
Q

what is pseudoxanthoma elasticum?

A

degeneration of elastic fibers

41
Q

possible ocular results of:

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

A

angoid streaks

42
Q

possible ocular results of:

Psioriasis

43
Q

possible ocular results of:

Ankylosing Spondylitis

44
Q

possible ocular results of:

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

dry eyes, uveitis, vasculitis

45
Q

possible ocular results of:

Sarcoidosis

46
Q

possible ocular results of:

Lupus

47
Q

possible ocular results of:

Temporal Arteritis

A

CRAO, BRAO, A-AION

48
Q

possible ocular results of:

Herpes Simplex

A

dendritis, uveitis, acute retinal necrosis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, episcleritis, scleritis

49
Q

possible ocular results of:

Herpes Zoster

A

psuedo-dendrites, uveitis, acute retinal necrosis, episcleritis, scleritis

50
Q

possible ocular results of:

HIV

A

retinopathy

51
Q

possible ocular results of:

gonorrhea

A

conjunctivitis, ulcer

52
Q

possible ocular results of:

lyme disease

A

conjunctivitis, episcleritis, scleritis

53
Q

possible ocular results of:

TB

A

phylectenule, uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis

54
Q

possible ocular results of:

Syphillis

A

salt and pepper retinopathy, argyll-robertson pupil, uveitis

55
Q

possible ocular results of:

Chlamydia

A

conjunctivitis, uveitis

56
Q

possible ocular results of:

Toxoplasmosis

57
Q

possible ocular results of:

Candida

58
Q

possible ocular results of:

histoplasmosis

59
Q

possible ocular results of:

toxocarisis

60
Q

possible ocular results of:

Parkinson’s

61
Q

possible ocular results of:

Alzheimer’s

62
Q

possible ocular results of:

Multiple Sclerosis

A

optic neuritis

63
Q

possible ocular results of:

Pituitary adenoma

A

optic nerve pallor, bitemporal hemanopsia, junctional scotoma

64
Q

possible ocular results of:

parietal, temporal, or occipital lobe tumor

A

visual field defect

65
Q

8 questions to ask a diabetic patient

A
  1. duration? onset?
  2. type?
  3. FBS?
  4. HbA1c?
  5. diabetic retinopathy?
  6. PCP?
  7. meds/compliance?
  8. last eye exam?
66
Q

what are some of the most important ocular family histories to ask because of genetics?

A
  • congenital ocular diseases (retinitis pigmentosa, albinism)
  • color vision deficiency
  • macular degeneration
  • glaucoma

Case Analysis (4 decks)

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