3. genetic diversity and natural selection

Question 1

genetic bottleneck

Answer 1

1. event that causes big reduction in population (large number of organisms within a population die before reproducing)
2. reduces number of different alleles in gene pool so reduces genetic diversity
3. survivors reproduce and larger population created from a few individuals

Question 2

founder effect (type of genetic bottleneck)

Answer 2

1. few organisms from a population start new colony. small number of different alleles in initial gene pool
2. frequency of alleles in new colony different to original

Question 3

natural selection

Answer 3

1. not all individuals equally likely to produce = different reproductive success.
2. individuals that have an allele that increase chance of survival more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on genes
3. greater proportion of next generation inherits beneficial allele = more likely to survive reproduce and pass on genes
4. frequency of beneficial allele increases generation to generation -> evoloution

Question 4

behaviour adaptations

Answer 4

ways organism acts

Question 5

physiological adaptation

Answer 5

process inside organisms body that increases chance of survival

Question 6

anatomical adaptations

Answer 6

structural features of organism body that increases chance of survival