3. Gene expression... translation Flashcards
3 sequential nucleotides called ____ will tell _______ which ____ ____ to add to the sequence
codons
ribosomes amino acid
There are #__ possible codons BUT only #__ amino acids
- 20
___ is the start codon (1st condon that gets _____ into an amino acid sequence)
AUG translated
_______ always starts off the amino acid sequence
methionine
the stop/nonsense codon _____ code for ______
these codons include..
these codons tell ____ to STOp so they end the ?
DONT ANYTHING
UAA, UAG, UGA
ribosomes amino acid sequence
the rest of the #___ codons are ___ codons including methionine (AUG)
61
there are more ____ than ____ ____
codons
amino acids
for most amino acids there will be multiple ___ that code for the same amino acids
codons
genetic code is ____ (BACKUPS)
redundant
BUT genetic code is not ____ because every single ___ has a ____ _____ it codes for
EXAMPLE: CUU will always cod for leucine and never porline
amibigious
codon. amino acid
*** Genetic engineering example
if we want a glow gene we would want to take a glow gene plus a fish to make a glow fish
mRNA is read by ____ in groups to determine which ____ _____ is added
codons amino acid
when reading a segment of mRNA what direction do you read?
5’prime to 3’ prime end
proteins are build by?
ribosomes
ribosomes are found in?
the cytoplasm or RER
mRNA will leave the __ and move to the _____ stay are I the RER or cytoplasm
nucleus
ribosomes
**ribosomes have #__ _____ which are?
2 subunits
1 large 1 small
when ribosomes are building proteins the ____ will?
subunits
surround the mRNA
in translation ____ is the RNa that will carry the ___ ____ to the ribosomes by?
tRNA amino acids
reading the codons
*** (DRAW A PICTURE) in tRNA there will be a _____ ______ _______ site where the amino acid will actually be attached to and @ the bottom there will be a ______ that ____ the _____ of the mRNA
amino acid attachment
anticodon read. codons
translate involves the synthesis of a ____ through the use of ____
polypeptide
mRNA
tRNA will ___ the codons of ____ because?
read mRNA
it links codons to the specific amino acid
***** tRNA has #___ function name them and what they do
3
1. binding to a SPECIFIC amino acid (when it it binded it is charged if it is not binded it will uncharged)
2. bind to the mRNA @ a 3 nucleotide sequence called an anticodon which is complementary to the codon
3. interacts with ribosome BUT noncovalently (hydrogen bonds)
the amino acid attachment site will be?
CCA
