2. Gene expression...transcription

Question 1

gene expression is taking ___ into a ____ so it will occur in #__ steps

Answer 1

DNA protein 2

Question 2

what is the 1st step of gene expression & what does it do?

Answer 2

Transcription: DNA is being copied into a RNA sequence that is complementary to that gene

Question 3

what is the 2nd step of gene expression & what does it do?

Answer 3

Translation: RNA sequence is used as a template for an amino acid sequence that will eventually become a folded protein

Question 4

there are a few kinds of ____ involved in gene expression

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

what is the 1st special RNA involved in transcription?

Answer 5

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 6

what is messenger RNA?

Answer 6

1 strand of DNA that is copied into a complementary strand of RNA

Question 7

mRNA can leave the ___

Answer 7

nucleus though nuclear pores

Question 8

In _______,mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the ____ where it gets ______ into a ______(protein)

Answer 8

eukaryotes cytoplasm
translated polypeptide

Question 9

the _______ ________ (A,G,C,U) in RNA tells the _____ which amino acid to put next in the sequence

Answer 9

nucleotide sequence
ribosome

Question 10

ribosomes are built/made up of?

Answer 10

proteins and rRNA

Question 11

the 2nd RNA involved in gene expression is and come to play in?

Answer 11

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
translation

Question 12

what does rRNA do?

Answer 12

works as a CATALYST…..
it catalyzes the reaction between he amino acids to FORM peptide bonds in a sequence to form a polypeptide chain then into a protein

Question 13

what is the 3rd RNA involved in gene expression?

Answer 13

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 14

what does transfer RNA do?

Answer 14

involved in translation…
they grab onto a specific amino acid that is suppose to come next in a sequence of mRNA and it adds it to the growing polypeptide chain
(transfers amino acids into ribosomes)

Question 15

there are #___ types of RNA

Answer 15

3

Question 16

Transcription: DNA is in 2 strand so one of the strands works as a ____ strand which has ____ built into its complementary sequence (A-U)

Answer 16

template
mRNA

Question 17

Transcription: the other stand is called ___ strand because? it it works from #__‘prime to #___‘prime end

Answer 17

coding
it codes for the mRNS so they are EXACTLY THE SAME expect for T and U because uracil is used in RNA instead of thymine
5 - 3

Question 18

mRNA works from #__ prime end to #__ prime end

Answer 18

5’ - 3’

Question 19

** what is the recipe for transcription?

Answer 19

1. the 4 ribonucelotide bases (ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP)
2. the enzyme DNA polymerase
3. salts and the right pH
4. DNA template strand

Question 20

the important enzyme in transcription is?

Answer 20

RNA polymerase

Question 21

How is DNA polymerase similar to DNA polymerase

Answer 21

they build and move in the same direction
5’prime to 3’ prime

Question 22

how is RNA polymerase different from DNA polymerase?

Answer 22

it doesn’t need primers

Question 23

RNA polymerase DOES NOT ____ therefore makes _____(a LOT of them ALL THE TIME)

Answer 23

READ
mistakes

Question 24

what are the #__ stages of transcription?

Answer 24

3
initiation, eleongation, termination

Question 25

**** initiation: RNA polymerase will ___ to the ____ region that has a ______ site where the very first _____ is added

Answer 25

bind promoter intitation nucleotide

Question 26

****** Elongation: ____ _____ will move alone the gene, ___ DNA about #__ _____ ____@ a time and adds _____ to the #__' prime end SO it reads the template strand in the #__" prime to #__' direction so therefore it mRNA antiparallel strand will build #__' prime to #___' prime end

Answer 26

RNA polymerase unwinds 10 base pairs nucleotides 3 3 - 5 5. - 3

Question 27

RNA polymerase does NOT ____ NOR ____ _____

Answer 27

proofread correct mistakes

Question 28

RNA polymerase uses ______ ____ (____)*abreivation* to?

Answer 28

ribonucloside triphosphate NTPS add to the growing chain

Question 29

**** Termination: specific ____ _____ that tells ____ _____ that the gene is over so TIME TO STOP build the mRNA transcript

Answer 29

DNA sequence RNA polymerase

Question 30

(termination) ___ genes that transcript will form a ___ so the beginning will join the end and ___ ____ from DNA

Answer 30

some loop fall away

Question 31

(termenation) ____ genes a special ___ will come in and bind to the ______ and causes it to ___ from the ___

Answer 31

other protein transcript detach. DNA

Question 32

____ are expressed during processing and are ___ in during processing sequence

Answer 32

exons. kept

Question 33

___ are cut out and removed from the ____ because they're basically kill (not coding for anything) so... if it is kept it in would be a ___-_____ protein

Answer 33

introns mRNA non-functioning

Question 34

during processing: adding a _____ to the 3'prime end

Answer 34

poly a (long chain of adenines)

Question 35

during processing @ the 5' prime end there is a? which basically is a ______ ___ that helps the ___ bind to a ____ during the process of translation

Answer 35

5 prime cap modified GTP mRNA ribosome

Question 36

if a 5 prime cap isn't added to the mRNA what happens?

Answer 36

it cannot bind to a ribosome to be turned into a protein

Question 37

the 5 prime cap also ____ mRNA from being _____ by some of the ___ out in the cytoplasm

Answer 37

protects digested enzymes

Question 38

**** @ the 3 prime end a ____ tail is added (100-300 adenines) it is important because?

Answer 38

poly a it allows for mRNA to leave the nucleus and keeps mRNA stable

Question 39

if a poly a tail isn't added to the 3 prime end what happens?

Answer 39

mRNA cannot leave th enuclus

Question 40

____ ____ is the removal of ____ and spicing together the ____ after this you a nice tight mRNA molecule that can leave nucleus and export out into the cytoplasm to be translated into a protein

Answer 40

RNA splicing introns exons