3. Gas Exchange Flashcards
What do cells continually release?j
O2 and CO2
Why do our cells need 02?
for cellular respiration in making ATP
it is designed for gas exchange between an organism and its enviroment
respiratory system
this transports gases in the blood
circulatory system
are cell surfaces where O2 diffuses in and CO2 diffuses out
respiratory surface
in cell surfaces, what is diffused in? diffused out?
O2 in, CO2 out
what are the requirements for a respiratory surface. It must be?
moist, thin, high surface area
if respiratory surface is thin, what is facilitated?
diffusion
if a respiratory surface has a high surface area, what does it contribute?
efficient exchange of gas
what body part do fish and aquatic amphibians use in gas exchange?
gills
for animals that are wet and small, what is used for gas exchange in animals?
entire outer skin
what kind of animals that uses their entire outer skis for gas exchange? give examples
wet and small (earthworms and flatworms)
what body part do ANTHROPODS use in gas exchange?
tracheal system
what body part do TETRAPODS (amphibians, reptiles, mammals) use in gas exchange?
lungs
they use small lungs and their body surfaces for gas exchange
amphibians
reptiles have LOWER or HIGHER metabolic rates
lower
reptiles have COMPLEX or SIMPLE lungs
simpler
birds and mammals have HIGHER or LOWER metabolic rates
HIGHER
birds and mammals have MORE COMPLEX or SIMPLER lungs
MORE COMPLEX
Three phases of gas exchange in order
breathing, transport o2 and co2 in blood, exchange of gases in body cell
how is air inhaled in mammals. there are two ways
mouth into the oral cavity
nostrils into the nasal cavity
from the nasal cavity, air next passes to the….
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
are grape-like clusters of air sacs where gas exchange occurs
alveoli
the thinnest blood vessel
capillaries
in alveoli, is o2 diffused into or out of the blood
into
in alveoli, is co2 diffused into or out of the blood
out
why is alveoli important for exhalation
because of its elasticity
smoking causes the breakdown of alveolar walls? this is called?
emphysema
what is an emphysema
breakdown of alveolar walls
what is the worst air pollutant
tobacco smoke
what do you call are the cancer causing chemicals in tobacco smoke
carcinogens
are specialized secretions required to keep the walls of the small alveoli from sticking shut
surfactants
what syndrome do babies born 6 weeks or more before their due date they often struggle with
neonatal respiratory syndrome
what are now administered to premature babies
artificial surfactants
the result of muscular contractions by diaphragm and rib muscles
inhalation
during inhalation, is there an INCREASE or DECREASE in the volume of the chest cavity
INCREASE
inhalation is relaxation or contraction
contraction
exhalation is contraction or relaxation
relaxation
during exhalation, is there an INCREASE or DECREASE in the volume of the chest cavity
DECREASE
what system controls breathing
autonomic nervous system
a rise in co2 levels causes a drop in pH? TRUE OR FALSE
true
CO2 levels in the blood doesn’t affect the blood pH. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSEA (it affects)
breathing control centers in the brain. in which exact parts?
pons and medulla
what is responsible for gas transport in humans?
cardiovascular system
the right sight side of the heart pumps _____ to the ____
oxygen-poor blood; lungs
the left side of the heart pumps _____ to the _____
oxygen-rich blood; body
in the lungs, what is picked up and what is dropped off?
o2, co2
in the body tissues, what is picked up and what is dropped off?
co2; o2
how do gases move? what process is it called?
diffusion
gases move by diffusion. from areas of higher to lower concentration or lower to higher areas of concentration
higher to lower
gases in the alveoli of the lungs have (more or less) O2 and (more or less) CO2 than gases in the blood
more O2; less CO2
the tissues have (more or less) CO2 and (more or less) O2 than gases in the blood
more CO2; less O2
is oxygen very soluble in water?
Not very soluble
O2 diffuses from alveoli into the blood and then into the ________ where it binds _____
RBC; hemoglobin
this is a protein found in very high levels in RBC
hemoglobin
has 4 polypeptide chains and iron-containing heme groups
Hemoglobin
