3- Gait (Sprague)

Question 1

The gait cycle begins with the initial contact of one foot to the ground and ends with the initial contact of what?

Answer 1

The SAME foot to the ground

Question 2

Is gait energetically costly?

Answer 2

Yes. I’m tired right now!

Question 3

Striking the ground with the foot creates a collision that pushes the COM backwards. This energy loss is called?

Answer 3

The Step to Step transition cost of human walking.

Question 4

What muscles help to diminish the effects of the Step to Step Transition Cost Of Human Walking through a preemptive force?

Answer 4

The Plantar flexors!! This is called the Dynamic Walking Model

Question 5

How many phases of gait are there?

Answer 5

8. (Initial contact, loading response, Midstance, Terminal Stance, Preswing, Initial swing, midswing, terminal swing)

Question 6

What percent of walking gait is single limb standing? (Aka, how much time is spent on one foot when walking?)

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

What is a comfortable walking speed?

Answer 7

3mph

Question 8

One complete gait cycle is known as a?

Answer 8

Stride

Question 9

What is a “step”?

Answer 9

The beginning phase of gait with one limb until the beginning of the same phase of gait with the contralateral limb.

Question 10

Gait is categorized into what two types of phases?

Answer 10

Swing and Stance phases.

Question 11

Which phase of gait occurs in the open kinetic chain? (When the foot is off the ground?)

Answer 11

Swing!

Question 12

What happens in “Initial Contact”?

Answer 12

SUBTALAR JOINT IS IN SUPINATION, BUT QUICKLY MOVES TO PRONATION (ALLOWS FOR A LOOSER FOREFOOT STRUCTURE). The parallel arrangement of the transverse tarsal joints helps this.

Question 13

What is the loading response phase?

Answer 13

Period immediately following initial contact to the lift of the contralateral extremity from the ground, during which weight shift occurs.

Question 14

IN midstance, what muscle is responsible for slowing tibial advancement over the talus?

Answer 14

The Soleus

Question 15

During what phase are the plantar flexors at work eliciting a preemptive force to counteract the collision ground reactive force?

Answer 15

Terminal stance

Question 16

Ankle plantar flexors account for what percentage of energy expenditure during gait?

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

During gait the sacrum is pulled by the pelvis into left on left/right on right torsions.

Answer 17

Why yes it is. TQ!!!!!!!!!

Question 18

What is toe touch weight bearing?

Answer 18

May place toes on floor to assist balance, but not to place weight on limb.

Question 19

What is partial weight bearing?

Answer 19

Up to 50% of bodyweight through the limb.

Question 20

What is weight bearing as tolerated?

Answer 20

Patient may place as much weight on the limb as they can tolerate with the aid of an assistive device.

Question 21

When would you use a cane?

Answer 21

For light assistance for balance or to decrease weightbearing. Use on OPPOSITE SIDE to decrease pain.

Question 22

What assistive device is mostly used in older populations?

Answer 22

A Walker. The issue is it has a high metabolic demand.

Question 23

Name the gait. Shuffling type gait, no heel strike, short quick steps, difficulty starting, stopping, turning.

Answer 23

Festenating gait

Question 24

Name the gait. High lifting of foot via increased hip flexion to allow for grand clearance during swing. Associated with foot drop/anterior tibialis weakness.

Answer 24

Steppage Gait

Question 25

Name the gait. CVA, extensor tone in LE. Hip hiking required to clear leg for swing, pelvis stays retracted.

Answer 25

Hemi-Gait

Question 26

Name the gait. INjury to cerebellum. Movements poorly controlled. Erratic foot placement. Balance compromised.

Answer 26

Ataxic gait

Question 27

Name the gait. lateral trunk lean due to gluteus medius weakness. Leans to side of weakness to bring COG closer to the hip. Pelvic drop.

Answer 27

Trandelenberg Gait