3) Fossil fuels Flashcards
Energy
- ability to do work and make change
- everything we do uses energy
*we can store or use energy
Kinetic energy
energy possessed by a moving object
Potential energy
energy that is stored and can be used at another time
Atom
smallest unit of elements
substances are made of particles called atoms
Element
Substances made up of one specific type of atom
Periodic table
Place where you can get information about all known elements + also where new elements can be placed
Split into two key sections - metals and non-metals
Properties of metals
Good conductor of electricity
Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
Shiny appearance
Properties of non-metals
Bad conductor of heat / electricity
Not shiny - dull appearance
How many periods and groups are there in the Periodic Table
7 periods , 18 groups
Proton
Particle with positive charge - same mass as neutron
Neutron
Particle with no charge - same mass as proton
Electron
Negative charge - mass of 1/1840 that of a proton/neutron
Atomic number
Number of protons/neutrons
Mass number
Total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus
Max electrons in 1st energy level
2 electrons
Max electrons in 2nd energy level
8 electrons
Max electrons in 3rd energy level
8 electrons
Max electrons in 4th energy level
16 electrons
Compound
Substance made of 2+ different elements
Combined chemically e.g. water = hydrogen + oxygen
Mixture
Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined e.g. cereal and milk
Extraction
Separating different compounds present in the same substance
Chromatography
Technique widely used to separate dissolved solid materials
Distillation
Can be used to separate two liquids which are mixed, or a solid and a liquid
Acid
Sour taste, pH below 7, turns blue litmus paper red
Base
Bitter taste, slimy/slippery, pH above 7, turns red litmus paper blue
pH
allows us to determine the strength of acids and bases
Neutralisation
When a base neutralises an acid
Neutralising = return pH to 7
Equation = Acid + Base —> Salt + Water
Combustion
Burning a fuel in OXYGEN
What is causing temperatures to rise?
Pollution, overpopulation, fossil fuels
What is the greenhouse effect?
The more greenhouse gases there are, the more heat that is trapped
Increase in concentration of greenhouse gases leads to a greater greenhouse effect
Problems with warming temperatures
Melting ice caps, sea levels rise, weather more extreme
Greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapour
Ocean acidification
Direct result of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As carbonic acid is formed, there is an increase in H+ (hydrogen) ions and this lowers the pH, making the water more acidic.
Renewable energy examples
Solar, wind, tidal/wave, biomass, geothermal
Word equations
When a chemical reactions occurs, we can show this with a word/symbol equation
