3. Fossil fuels Flashcards
How many types of energy are there?
9
List all types of energy
Electrical
Kinetic
Sound
Light
Heat
Gravitational Potential
Chemical Potential
Elastic Potential
Nuclear
Energy transfer
The movement of energy from one location to another.
Energy transformation
Energy converting into another energy type.
Electrical energy
Movement of electrons
Kinetic energy
An object that is moving
Sound energy
Sound waves when something vibrates
Light energy
Light waves
Heat energy
Movement of atoms
Gravitation Potential energy
Energy in objects due to their height above ground
Chemical Potential energy
Energy stored in bonds of atoms
Elastic Potential Energy
Stored in a object when it is squished or stretched
Nuclear
When you split atoms
3 Fossil Fuels
Oil, Natural gas, Coal
How was coal formed?
Plants and animals who died in swamps over millions of years got covered by layers of dirt and rock. The resulting pressure and heat turned the plants into coal.
How was natural gas and oil formed?
Plants and animals who died in the sea over millions of years got covered by layers of dirt and rock. The resulting pressure and heat turned the plants into natural gas and oil.
Natural gas is same as oil formation but more pressure and heat.
Why is carbon used for fuels and energy?
They burn with a clean flame and no smoke is produced.
Carbon and their compounds give out a lot of heat, energy and light when they are burnt in air
Carbon compounds have higher maximum ignition temperatures and their combustion can be restrained.
What makes up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Atomic number
Number of electrons/protons
Whats on the outside of an atom?
electrons
Atomic mass
Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
How to find number of neutrons
Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons
Elements
Made of one type of atoms. eg. carbon atoms
Compounds
Made of 2 or more different substances chemically combined.
Mixtures
2 or more substances that are physically mixed not chemically combined
Ion formation
(Don’t need apparently)
Ions are formed when the number of protons in an atom does not equal the number of electrons.
Atoms do this to have a full outer shell, which makes them more stable.
If an atom or molecule gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged (an anion), and if it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged (a cation).
Distillation use and how it works
Distillation can be used to separate two liquids which are mixed or a solid and a liquid.
The liquid with a lower boiling point will evaporate first and be separated.
Filtration use and how it works
Separates a liquid in an insoluble solid or gaseous fuilid by using filtering agents such as filter paper. Only solid bits are left behind.
Chromatography use
Used to separate soluble solid material so they can be identified.
pH scale ranges from ____
1-14
how much electrons can each electron layer hold?
2,8,8,16 (only works up to 20 bc its a lie contact me for real rules :) )
how to measure ph
Universal indicator, litmus paper, ph meter ( electronic thingy )
red litmus paper turn blue in ___
base
blue litmus paper turn red in _____
acid
Acid properties
Good for food preservation
Has pH less than 7
Corrodes metals
Sour taste
Base properties
Good for cleaning
Has pH above 7
Feels slimy/slippery
Bitter taste
What is needed for combustion?
Oxygen, Heat and Fuel.
Combustion
burning a fuel (anything combustible) in oxygen
The product formed is a oxidized form of the original
What happens when you burn a non-metal?
Fuel -> Non Metal + oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Greenhouse effect
Gases in Earth’s atmosphere trapping the Sun’s heat and reflecting it back to earth.
Global Warming
The rise in temperature on the surface of the earth.
Ocean acidification
CO₂ + H₂O -> H₂CO₃ (carbonic acid)
Ocean acidification is the reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period of time, caused by more carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Ocean acidification effects
Dissolved shells which disrupt the food chains
Coral bleaching increases coral’s risk of diseases.
Metal properties
Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
Shiny if polished
Conducts heat
Conducts electricity
Bend without breaking (malleable)
Can stretch into wires (ductile)
Non metal properties
Solid, Liquid, Gas at room temperature
Not shiny
Doesn’t conduct heat
Doesn’t conduct electricity (except graphite)
Breaks easily if solid (brittle)
Cannot stretch easily
Renewable Sources of Energy
Solar, Wind, Tidal/Wave, Biomass, Geothermal
Crystalization
Used to obtain pure crystals of a substance from an impure mixture.
Solid is disolved in an solvent
Mixture is heated to evaporate solvent
Solution is allowed to cool and solid appears as crystals
