3. Fire Attack Flashcards
Your will not be successful in fire attack without an intimate knowledge of ____ and ____.
fire behavior, and building construction
____ residential building fires accounted for the majority of all residential building fire deaths (71%) and dominated the overall residential building fire profile in 2016.
The one and two family
Upon receiving a call for a fire in your district, you should immediately ____
begin to gain a visual picture of the home type.
You should have an idea of what you are responding to if you are familiar with ____ through ____
your district through prefer planning.
____, ____, ____, and ____ are all critical pieces of information that a dispatcher can obtain and should relay.
Water supply information, type of fire, extent of fire, and trapped occupants
We use offensive attack when ____
the building is stable and not in danger of imminent collapse.
We use defensive attack when ____
the building is beyond the means to effectively extinguish or the building is approaching collapse.
What type of fire attack mode is a blitz attack?
Offensive attack
The blitz attack is ____
a rapid attack utilizing tank water and a prepped deck gun or portable monitor.
The transitional attack should be seen as ____
an action of opportunity.
What did the 2010 UL study on the impact of ventilation show about pushing fire?
There were no temperature spikes in any of the rooms, especially the rooms adjacent to the fire room when water was applied from the outside. It appears that in most cases the fire was slowed down by water application and that external water application had no negative impacts to occupant survivability.
Forcing the front door should be thought of as ____
ventilation
Once a fire becomes vent limited the smoke being forced out of the gaps of the house ____
greatly diminishes or stops altogether. No smoke showing during size up should increase awareness of the potential conditions inside.
The onset of firefighter untenability until flashover is often less than ____
10 seconds
When fire originates on the outside of the structure, extinguishment cannot be completed until ____.
The seat of the fire is knocked out. Attack from the burned side and then quickly apply a second hoseline to the interior to protect occupants.
Fog streams can push ____ when used incorrectly. When placing a fog stream through a window it could overcome ____ of the fire and change ____
- steam and gases
- the exhaust
- the flow path
Even a smooth bore nozzle when moved rapidly in a circular fashion creates approximately ____ of air movement.
6000 CFM
Nozzle movement should be ____
a half moon shape toward the top of the wall, across the ceiling, and tower the opposite side top of the wall.
The purpose of the half moon nozzle movement is too ____
not disrupt the neutral plane or thermal balance and still coat the upper surfaces above firefighters heads. This leads into the science of gas cooling and what the water droplets are doing once they strike the surface.
The ideal water droplet size for gas cooling is ____
0.33mm
Why is a straight stream the preferred stream pattern for fire attack?
Its better for energy consumption, air movement, reach, and penetration.
While research has shown that we can’t push fire with water, it is possible to ____.
push steam and gases with the air movement of the nozzle
A droplet of water extinguishes flames, but the air from that nozzle can move gases and possibly ignite gases at a distance if ____ and if ____
- the stream is not being placed on the base of the fire
* the stream has significant air movement behind it.
Recent research has shown us that it is important to get water onto the fire as fast as possible. It should not matter ____
which direction the water is coming from, exterior or interior, above, or below.
A master stream from below is a technique that has been around since the ____ revolutionized the blitz attack.
Chicago Fire Department
A master stream from above is typically used as ____.
a defensive position
When we have buildings that have attic spaces or cocklofts, the fire is spreading laterally throughout that space. We should ____.
spread our hose streams laterally throughout the space to extinguish it
An exterior fire attack takes skill and precision. The firefighter must ____
use a straight stream without much movement. Stream movement creates air tracks, which could reverse the flow path and push steam and gases away from the outlet (e.g. window) into which the stream is being placed. Flow water using a straight stream pointed on a steep angle at the ceiling.
During a exterior transitional attack it is critical to use a straight stream to allow ____
the exit of steam from the window.
If a fog stream seals the entire window, then opening it could create more steam on the interior that has no place to escape out the window. This could ____
collapse the neutral plane and make things worse for possible victims or firefighters on the interior.
Arguably, by softening the target, the interior attack team can locate the base of the fire and possible victims more quickly, due to ____.
the decreased temperatures
Proper technique for exterior attack:
- Use a straight stream pattern at a steep angel
- Keep the stream close to the sill and aimed at the ceiling.
- Apply short bursts of water while recognizing the fire/ smoke conditions
The exterior attack technique will not completely extinguish the fire. It is used to ____
reset the clock and make the interior environment safer for victims and firefighters.
In order to ____ you must know what your crews can and cannot accomplish.
make the right tactical decision
Fires on the exterior of a building should be extinguished ____ the attack crews entering the building.
before of simultaneously to
The modern construction materials used on building exteriors have a much greater ____ then materials used in the past.
heat release rate
Once an exterior fire transitions to the interior you must ____
start attacking this fire from the outside and flowing water by the direction of travel that the fire transitioned inside. Water should be flowed into the eaves once the fire transitions through the eaves.
If fire has transitioned from one space to another through pipes and chase ways, water should be ____.
flowed into those environments first.
What has been proven to be the best method to apply water into the attic space and apply water on the actual materials that are burning?
Directing the hose stream into the eaves and allowing water to spread through the attic space along the underside of the roof.
In situations where an attic fire cannot be attacked by flowing water into the eaves, you must ____
move to the interior. Utilizing a thermal imaging camera to determine the best place to begin creating a small hole. This is the best option as long as water can be flowed directly into the immediate are that is burning.
Another viable tactic in situations where an attic fire cannot be attacked by flowing water into the eaves is ____
to pull ceiling along the exterior wall of the structure and flow water up into the space, directing the water up toward the ridge vent.
