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Sociology: Theory and Methods > 3. Feminism > Flashcards

3. Feminism Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is feminism

A

The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities

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2
Q

What are some key issues for feminism

A

Equal rights, Rights to their own body, Equal Pay
Also allowing men to feel safe enough to be vulnerable = women can be strong

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3
Q

What is a feminist belief

A

sexual discrimination is still a widespread problem and women are still striving to achieve financial, educational, domestic and legal equality to men

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4
Q

What are the four basic tenants of Sociological feminism

A

Inequality between men and women
Conflict between men and women
Gender inequalities are socially constructs
Importance of patriarchy in explaining inequality

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5
Q

What is a patriarchy

A

Men dominating society
Feminism means change, not abolition of the way society exists

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6
Q

Why are domestic violence rates down

A

The victim is afraid of reporting their assaulter in fear of more abuse
More often than not, it is the man abusing the women

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7
Q

What is first wave feminism
1850s+

A

Higher education for women available
Access to more jobs- medicine
Married women property rights
Improvement in divorced and separated women’s child custody

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8
Q

What is second wave feminism
1960/70s

A

Female group discussed women’s rights
Oppressed and exploited by patriarchal society
Annual conference held - Oxford 1970
Equal Pay and opportunities
Free contraception and abortion
24hr childcare

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9
Q

What two legislations were introduced in the 1970s

A

Equal Pay Act 1970
Sex Discrimination Act 1975

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10
Q

What is third wave feminism
1990s+

A

Critic of politics, experiences were over generalised of middle class, Heterosexual viewpoints
Ignored women of colour, poor, LGBTQ+, non-western women

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11
Q

What were Slyvia Waltby’s 6 Structures of feminism

A

Paid work
Household work
Culture
Sexuality
Violence
The state

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12
Q

What does she mean by Paid work

A

Men are always (16-60+) paid more than women

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13
Q

What does she mean by Household work

A

Women spend more time on household chores
Men spend more time on specifics such as outside garden care and DIY

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14
Q

What does she mean by Culture

A

Women = sexualised on magazine covers
Men = Professional, handsome, smart

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15
Q

What does she mean by Sexuality

A

A man sleeping around is celebrated
A woman sleeping around is shunned by society - a hoe, whore, slut

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16
Q

What does she mean by violence

A

Women are more likely to be killed by their partners, on average
Known as gender based violence

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17
Q

What does she mean by the State

A

Female MPs are fewer
In 2015, it wasn’t even 30% of parliament

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18
Q

What do liberal feminists believe

A

equality will happen eventually
steady improvement in female position
change in social attitudes, laws, education

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19
Q

Some contemporary liberal feminism issues

A

Gender pay gap- illegal in the UK
transparency to address gap
promote flexible work arrangements
support women’s career progression

20
Q

What is liberal feminism

A

the desire to pursue freedom without completely uprooting existing institutions, using educational change to bring about equality

21
Q

Where did Liberal Feminism come from

A

Second wave, 1960s
Betty Friedan- The feminine mystique
NOW- national organisation of women
campaign for maternity leave, child care
Rights to female body
Housewife Syndrome

22
Q

What do radical feminists believe

A

patriarchal oppression and exploitation of women is everywhere in society
women are socialised into accepting their place in society
men aggressively exercise dominance
men benefit from inequality

23
Q

Contemporary Radical feminism issues

A

violence is deep rooted in society
toxic masculinity downplays male aggressions- ‘Reclaim the Night’
dismantle institutions that uphold patriarchy
liberation requires fundamental shift in society to end patriarchal views

24
Q

What is Radical Feminism

A

female independence from men, at any level to bring about change
men consciously exploiting women

25
Q

Where did Radical Feminism come from

A

patriarchy is universal
women’s main enemy is men
All men benefit from patriarchy
legal change is unlikely to provide equality
Political lesbianism/separationism
matrilocal - all female households

26
Q

What do Marxists Feminist believe

A

patriarchy suits the need of capitalism
women are unpaid domestic labourers
true equality can only occur when capitalism is dismantled

27
Q

Contemporary issues for Marxist feminists

A

Capitalism disproportionately exploits women
low paid jobs are undervalued by society
reserve labour army = women
suffer funding cuts by government
challenge capitalism and patriarchy sustaining it

28
Q

What is Marxist feminism

A

Focuses on the way capitalism and patriarchy work together to exploit and oppress women
Marxist theory, gender inequality in the economy
advocate social upheaval into communist state afterwards

29
Q

Where does Marxist feminism come from

A

Women create and socialise the next generations, absorb mens frustrations at their own oppression
Women rely on men while pregnant
Patriarchal nuclear families only
overthrown capitalism is ideology for feminism to allow equality

30
Q

key concepts in Marxist Feminism

A

Economic exploitation of women
Reproductive Labour
Intersection of Gender and class
Capitalism, Patriarchy interconnected
Call for collective action and change

31
Q

What do Intersectional/difference feminists believe

A

experience of all women should be accounted for
all ages, disability, religions, class
not just a middle class women problem

32
Q

Contemporary issues for Intersectional Feminists

A

reproductive justice
Racism, socioeconomic inequalities
specific needs of marginalised
impact of immigration policies
holistic approach needed

33
Q

What is Intersectional feminism

A

represent women from all different backgrounds of society, to campaign for equality for everywhere

34
Q

Where does intersectional Feminism come from

A

women are not a single homogenous group who all share the same issues
essentialists
white middle class women dominate feminism

35
Q

What is patriarchy

A

a feminist term to describe a society based on male dominance
ideology of male power over women

36
Q

What is a malestream sociology

A

Where sociology focuses on men rather than women

37
Q

Strengths of Liberal feminsim

A

promoting gender inequality
reveal injustices in female lives
social construct of gender differences
influence social policies

38
Q

Limitations of Liberal Feminism

A

ignore need for revolutionary action
overly optimistic
symptoms not causes of oppression
fails cause of gender inequality

39
Q

Strengths of Radical Feminism

A

raises profile of private issues
expose social construct of gender roles

40
Q

Limitations of Radical Feminism

A

violence to achieve aims
man hating causes further division
ignores element of choice
ignores progress already made
ignores positives

41
Q

Strengths of Marxist Feminism

A

importance of economic production
greater understanding of women’s oppression in structure

42
Q

Limitations of Marxist Feminism

A

still oppressed in non-capitalist societies
no explanation to why women do more unpaid labour than men
lack of emphasis on how men oppress women not just capitalism

43
Q

Strengths of Intersectional Feminism

A

Allow for analysis of different forms of oppression
Different forms of resistance

44
Q

Limitations of Intersectional Feminism

A

subgroups can weaken feminism
Segal, abandons objective of social structures

45
Q
A

Sociology: Theory and Methods (8 decks)

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