3. Evolution 2

Question 1

Darwin

Answer 1

Decent with Modification

Question 2

Phylogeny

Answer 2

Evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms

Question 3

Phylogenetic Trees

Answer 3

Depict the evolutionary history of a group of species

Question 4

Sister taxa can help determine…

Answer 4

…the order in which traits evolved and distinguish between homology and analogy

Question 5

Derived Trait

Answer 5

Trait that is present in the organisms being considered, but was absent in the last common ancestor of those organisms

Can also refer to the lack of a trait

Question 6

Defining Characteristics of Humans

Answer 6

Standing/walking upright, larger brains capable of language symbolic thought and make/use complex tools, reduced jawbones/jaw muscles, shorter digestive tract

Question 7

The Hawaiian Field Cricket example showed that…

Answer 7

…evolution doesn’t have to take thousands of years. Within 20 generations 90% of the male crickets were adapted

Question 8

Four Evolutionary Forces

Answer 8

1. Natural Selection
2. Mutation: changes in the DNA sequence of a cell’s genome that may alter or prevent the gene from functioning, or have no effect
3. Gene Flow: The exchange of genes between populations and between species
4. Genetic Drift: random fluctuations of allele frequencies within a population from one generation to the next due to chance