3. Evidence + Evaluation Flashcards
What does physical evidence do ?
Confirms a crime as happened Provides leads Links individual to scrne Identify suspect Induce confessions Exonerate innocent Provide expert testimony
What are the four actions when dealing with evidence ?
Idenitfy
Compare
Classify
Individualise
What question is asked with identify ?
What is it ?
How do you compare ?
Subject the evidence and control to the same test
Ie fingerprints or dna profiles
Whats class characteristics ?
In between generic identificstion and establishing individual characteristics
When combined with further evidence
Ie - blood gorup, colour of fibre
What was the mark kempster case ?
Ear prints 2001 Convicted of burglary Appealed successfully in 2008 Ear print can change depending on pressure
Whats a paradigm ?
Map of conceptual frame work which guides then practice of the profession
What are the six basic principles and practixe of forensic science ?
Divisible matter transfer identification Classification and individualisation Association Reconstruction
Talk about england 1984 case study
Burglaries took place leading eventually to rape
Assealant was left-handed had a northern accent wore mask
One time cut mask from overalls Hid car im field Raped women Tied up husband Took bed sheet
Evidence found was
yellow paint on tree Glove Bed sheet Mask Shot gun under leaves
Out come
Paint chip lead to car found
Malcolm fairley kown criminal with yellow car
Search flat found evidence
Confessed
What can insividual charscteristics be acquired by
Bullets, tool marks, shoe prints, fingerprints , dna
How many traits needed for evidence to become individualised ?
Bullet stritations - 8, or 2 gorups of 5.
Handwriting- sufficeint number of unique characters
Fingerprints - 8-20 points second kevel detail -3 experts in uk
What is reconstruction ?
Ordering events in relative soace and tome based on physical evidence
