3. Energy Metabolism 3 Flashcards
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis
Pyruvate- lactate for a small amount of ATP
Pyruvate turned into acetyl co-A as well as acetyl co-A being produced by fatty acids. This is fully oxidised creating FADH2 and NADH H+
The electron transport chain removes the FADH and NADH H+ through oxygen leading to a high generation of ATP
What methods rely on substrate phosphorylation (simple reactions to generate ATP)
Aerobic and anaerobic glyoclysis
What methods of energy production rely on oxidative phosphorylation
Aerobic glycolysis
Beta oxidation
When are the following fuels utilised to generate energy?
Glycogen- Anaerobic and Aerobic glycolysis
Glucose- Anaerobic and Aerobic glycolysis
Amino acids- Aerobic glycolysis and beta oxidation
Fatty acids- Beta oxidation
What are the limiting factors to ATP production?
Velocity of supply (delay to begin reaction)
Rate of supply
Amount of nutrients and oxygen
efficiency of the energy system
Using the limiting factors discussed above. What are the limiting factors to ATP production?
Delay to begin reaction
Rate of supply
Amount of stocks
Efficiency
Velocity of supply- High available in ATP/PCR stores
Rate of supply-Available quickly in ATP/PCR stores
Amount of stocks- Highest in beta oxidation (can go for longest
Efficiency- Beta oxidation most efficient
Why are fatty acids important to endurance exercise
Primarily used to conserve glucose storage so they can be used for aerobic glycolysis if required.
E.g. the reason why you can speed up at the end of a 10K
What is one of my question for Scholz?
If exercise is taken up at low volumes, are ATP/PCR stores used.
What are the limitations of long term energy production
Availability of oxygen and nutrients
Sufficient rate of ATP production - ability of supply to = demand
How is lactate formed?
Pyruvate is reduced into lactate via NAD+.
This maintains NAD+ stores for glycolysis
Very innefecient pathway to produce ATP breaking glucose down into pyruvate
Why is lactate an indicator of fatigue?
Shows that NAD+ is struggling to be recycled aerobically and inefficient anerobic systems are being used.
What are the arguments for and against lactate causing acidosis within the muscles?
FOR: Lactic acid is a inversely proportional to fatigue
AGAINST: Some papers argue that acidosis is caused by hydrogen ions leaking out the electron transport chain due to the fact that NAD+ is overwhelmed
What factors increase VO2 max?
Increase oxygen delivery- cardiac output, oxygen carryign capacity, capillary density
Increased oxygen utilisation- increased mitochondrial content, increased oxidative enzymes
