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Clin Med 1 - Exam 1 > 3. Diseases of Aorta and Pericarditis > Flashcards

3. Diseases of Aorta and Pericarditis Flashcards

1
Q

Most common arterial aneurysm in adults is…

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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2
Q

Criteria for aortic aneurysm

A

Segmental dilation of all layers of layers of aorta

In adults aneurysm = dilation >3cm (more than 50% of regular diameter)

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3
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm risk factors

A

HTN

Smoking

Age

Male

Atherosclerosis

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4
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm symptoms

A

None if unruptured

Pain, pulsatile mass, low BP if ruptured

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5
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnostics

A

Ultrasound for symptomatic

CT for stable/surgery plan

Screen men 65-75 who ever smoked with ultrasound OR men/women with 1st degree relative

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6
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment

A

No surgery until >5.5cm

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7
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm cause

A

Collagen disorders (Marfans, Ehrlers-Danlos)

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8
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm symptoms

A

Half asymptomatic

Maybe chest pain from trachea, esophagus, RLN compression

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9
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm signs

A

Feel aortic impulse at right sternal border

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10
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm diagnostics

A

MRI and CT most common

Chest x-ray = widened mediastinum

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11
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm treatment

A

Beta blockers to control BP

Worry about rupture >5cm

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12
Q

Aortic dissection cause

A

Tear in aorta leads to hematoma between layers

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13
Q

Aortic dissection classifications

A

Stanford:
A- Ascending involved (connective disorder)
B- Descending only (age, HTN)

DeBakey
1 - whole aorta
2 - only ascending
3 - no ascending/arch involved

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14
Q

Aortic dissection risk factors

A

HTN

Age

Male

Atherosclerosis

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15
Q

Aortic dissection symptoms

A

Abrupt ripping pain in back/chest

Type A = syncope
Type B = pain in back, legs

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16
Q

Aortic dissection diagnostics

A

CT = method of choice

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17
Q

Aortic dissection treatments

A

Depends on status

Emergency = surgical repair

Stable = aggressive BP control with beta blockers

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18
Q

Takayasu arteritis cause

A

Inflammatory disease of aorta and branches

Autoimmune

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19
Q

Takayasu arteritis symptoms

A

Fever

Constitutional symps

Claudication

Light headed

Cyanosis

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19
Q

Takayasu arteritis risk factors

A

Asian female, age 10-40

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20
Q

Takayasu Arteritis signs

A

BP discrepancy between arms

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

Takayasu arteritis diagnostics

A

CBC - Normocytic normochromic anemia (body hordes iron)

MRA or CTA best imaging

Inflammatory markers

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23
Q

Takayasu arteritis treatment

A

Systemic glucocorticoids

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24
Q

Giant cell/temporal arteritis cause

A

Inflammation of temporal artery

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25
Q

Giant cell/temporal arteritis risk factors

A

Scandinavian, age 50+

26
Q

Giant cell/temporal arteritis symptoms

A

POTENTIAL PERMANENT BLINDNESS

Headache

Fever

Jaw pain

27
Q

Giant cell/temporal arteritis diagnostics

A

Arterial biopsy ESSENTIAL

28
Q

Giant cell/temporal arteritis treatment

A

Start steroids ASAP

29
Q

Coarctation of aorta cause

A

Localized narrowing of aorta (usually after left subclavian)

Congenital

30
Q

Coarctation of aorta symptoms

A

DECREASED PULSE/BP IN LEGS COMPARED TO ARMS

Secondary hypertension (young, refractory, very high BP)

30
Q

Coarctation of aorta diagnostics

A

Echocardiogram

31
Q

Coarctation of aorta treatment

A

Surgical stent placement

32
Q

Acute pericarditis cause

A

Viral infection (cocksackie, echovirus, epstein-barr, flu, covid)

33
Q

Acute pericarditis risk factor

A

Recent viral infection

34
Q

Acute pericarditis symptoms

A

Sharp, sudden chest pain

(Worse with inspiration and supine position)

35
Q

Acute pericarditis signs

A

Diffuse ST elevation and PR depression

Friction rub

Pericardial effusion (new or worsening)

36
Q

Acute pericarditis diagnosis criteria

A

NEED TWO OF FOUR SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

  1. Sharp, sudden chest pain
  2. Diffuse ST elevation and PR depression
  3. Friction rub
  4. Pericardial effusion
37
Q

Acute pericarditis treatment

A

Ibuprofen/Aspirin + Colchicine (x 1 month)

Corticosteroids if can’t take NSAIDs

Avoid strenuous exercise

38
Q

Untreated acute pericarditis can develop into ….

A

Constrictive pericarditis

39
Q

Constrictive pericarditis cause

A

MOST COMMON = TB (worldwide)

Constrictive = Tightly Bound (TB)

In US, idiopathic/radiation

Fibrous scarring of both pericardial layers

40
Q

Constrictive pericarditis signs

A

MOST COMMON = JVP

Edema (anasarca)

Pericardial knock

41
Q

Constrictive pericarditis diagnosis

A

Echocardiography

42
Q

Constrictive pericarditis treatment

A

Treat cause (TB)

NSAID + Colchicine

Pericardiectomy

43
Q

Pericardial effusion cause

A

Excess fluid in pericardial space

44
Q

Pericardial effusion risk factors

A

Fever/infection

Cancer (neoplasm)

Radiation

45
Q

Pericardial effusion diagnostics

A

BEST = echocardiography

EKG may have short waves

46
Q

Pericardial effusion treatment

A

Deal with initial cause

Maybe drain or biopsy fluid

47
Q

Cardiac tamponade cause

A

Pericardial effusion that restricts heart filling and stroke volume

Emergency!

48
Q

Cardiac tamponade cause

A

Traumatic/acute injury

49
Q

Cardiac tamponade symptoms

A

Chest pain

Dyspnea

50
Q

Cardiac tamponade signs

A

BECK’S TRIAD:
Low BP
Distended JVP
Muffled heart sounds

Paradoxical pulse

Tachycardia

51
Q

Cardiac tamponade diagnostics

A

EKG = ELECTRICAL ALTERNANS

Echocardiography

52
Q

Cardiac tamponade treatment

A

URGENT drainage!

53
Q

Cardiac tumors cause

A

Benign tumors (myxomas)

Most often in left atrial wall

54
Q

Cardiac tumor symptoms

A

Constitutional

55
Q

Cardiac tumor signs

A

Split S1

Early diastolic plop

(Mitral regurge)

(Embolism)

56
Q

Cardiac tumor diagnosis

A

Echocardiography

57
Q

Cardiac tumor treatment

A

Surgery

58
Q

Cardiac trauma cause

A

MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT

Commotio cordis = baseball to chest

59
Q

Cardiac trauma is most often seen in this chamber of the heart …

A

Right ventricle

60
Q

Aortic injury cause

A

Deceleration = tear in aorta after left subclavian

61
Q

Cardiac trauma diagnosis

A

Echocardiography = impaired wall motion

Clin Med 1 - Exam 1 (8 decks)

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