10. Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

Test of choice for valvular heart disease (generally)

Answer 1

Echocardiogram

Question 2

Mitral stenosis symptoms

Answer 2

MOST COMMON - exertional dyspnea

A fib

Question 3

Mitral stenosis signs

Answer 3

Opening SNAP, diastolic rumble murmur

Question 4

Mitral stenosis diagnosis

Answer 4

EKG = A fib

Echo is test of choice

Question 5

Mitral stenosis treatment

Answer 5

Treat A fib and fluid

Question 6

Mitral regurgitation symptoms

Answer 6

Exertional dyspnea

Question 7

Mitral regurgitation signs

Answer 7

Systolic, high pitched murmur

Best heard in axilla

Question 8

Mitral valve prolapse etiology

Answer 8

Degenerative

Marfans, IE

Question 9

Mitral valve prolapse signs

Answer 9

Systolic CLICK

Question 10

Aortic stenosis etiology

Answer 10

Calcification

Rheumatic

Question 11

Aortic stenosis symptoms

Answer 11

HF (LVH)

Angina

Syncope

Question 12

Aortic stenosis signs

Answer 12

Low, slow-rising carotid pulse

Systolic murmur (aortic area, radiates to carotids)

S4 due to LVH

Question 13

Aortic stenosis treatment

Answer 13

If symptomatic = valve replacement

Question 14

Aortic regurgitation etiology

Answer 14

Rheumatic, congenital, calcification

Question 15

Aortic regurgitation symptoms

Answer 15

Dyspnea, angina, HF

Question 16

Aortic regurgitation signs

Answer 16

Water hammer/Corrigan pulse
- blood going back into LV

Austin-Flint murmur
- regurge and mitral flows hit each other

Diastolic murmur at left sternal border (sometimes systolic too)

Question 17

Tricuspid regurgitation etiology

Answer 17

Secondary to right ventricular conditions (pulm HTN)

Question 18

Tricuspid regurgitation symptoms

Answer 18

Blood builds in neck/abdomen

RHF symptoms - edema

Question 19

Tricuspid regurgitation signs

Answer 19

JVP distension

RV HEAVE

Systolic murmur

Question 20

Tricuspid stenosis signs

Answer 20

JVP distension

RV HEAVE

Systolic murmur

Question 21

Pulmonic stenosis etiology

Answer 21

Tetralogy of Fallot

Rubella syndrome

Question 22

Pulmonic stenosis signs

Answer 22

Loud, harsh SYSTOLIC murmur

Heard at 2nd and 3rd left intercostal

Question 23

Pulmonic regurgitation etiology

Answer 23

Tumor

Endocarditis

Pulm HTN

Question 24

Pulmonary regurgitation signs

Answer 24

Graham-Steel murmur, DIASTOLIC