3 developmental Flashcards
Mary Ainsworth
The psychologist responsible for attachment development
Piaget
The psychologist responsible for cognitive development
Eric Erickson
The psychologist responsible for personally development
Marcia
The psychologist responsible for development of identity
Kohlberg
The psychologist responsible for moral development
Kubler-Ross
Responsible for the stages of grief
Research methods (2)
Cross-sectional studies
Longitudinal studies
Cross-sectional studies problem
Cohort effect
many differences between individuals and not just age. But different experiences and culture
Prenatal development
The development from the zygote to the fetus
Prenatal development course
Germinal weeks 1 & 2 (Zygote) rapid cell division
Embryonic weeks 3 - 8 (Embryo) most vulnerable. Development of vital organs
Fetal weeks 8 - birth
(Fetus) movement. Bone and muscle development
Importance of touch/contact
Harlows’ monkeys
The warmth
Premature babies
touch increases chances of survival
Infant attachment styles
- secure
- anxious ambivalent
- avoidant
Secure attachment
Trust
Anxious ambivalent attachment
Clingy
Avoidant attachment
Ignores
U.S v. Germany v. Japan
Secure AA avoidant
US (63, 13, 20)
GR (56, 8, 34)
JPN (68, 28, 4)
Infant temperament styles (3)
Easy child
- generally positive
- easily adaptable to new experiences
- Quickly establishes regular routines
Difficult child
- tends to react negatively
- Slow to except new experiences
- engages in irregular daily routines
Slow to warm up child.
- Low activity level
- very cautious in the case of new experiences
- inflexible and somewhat negative
Dendritic spread and pruning
During the first two years of life the dendrites of the neurons branch out and the neurons become far more interconnected
Unused connections are pruned
cognitive development (4)
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operations
formal operations
sensorimotor stage
1st stage of cog. dev.
(0 until 2 yrs old)
- object permanence
(its there until its gone then it doesn’t exist) - scale errors
no functional difference between life size and mini.
preoperational stage
Stage 2 cog dev.
(years 2-7)
- irreversibility
cannot reverse their thinking
-centration
can only focus on one thing
concrete operations stage
stage 3 of cog. dev psych
(ages 7-11)
- conservation
concrete mental operations not yet abstract
-heirarchical classification
no longer limited by centration
formal opperations stage
final stage on cog. dev. psy
(11- adolesence)
- Abstract thinking
- both* the abitity to think things through
- systematic thinking
psychological / personality development stages (8)
Trust v. Mistrust (year 1) Autonomy v. Shame/ doubt ( 2-3 ) initiative v. Guilt ( 4-6 ) Industry v. Inferiority ( 6- puberty) Identity v. Confusion ( adolesence) Intimacy v. Isolation (early adult) Generativity v. Self-absorption (middle adult) Integrity v. despair (Late adult)
Psy soc Q
Are my basic needs being met?
Trust v. Mistrust
Psy soc Q
Can i learn to do things by myself?
Autonomy v Shame / Doubt
Psy soc Q
Am I good? or am I bad?
Initiative v. Guilt
Psy soc Q
Am i competent or am i worthless?
Industry v. Inferiority
Psy soc Q
Who am I and where am I going?
Identity v Confusion
Psy soc Q
Am i capable of meaningful relationships?
Intimacy v Isolation
Have I done something worth while with my life?
Generativity v Self absorption
Psy sco Q
Have I lived a full life?
Integrity v Despair
Development of identity status
Crisis and Commitment
chart
no / yes
no diffusion / moritorium
/ / /
yes Forclosure/Acheivment
Moral development
3 levels, 6 orientations
Pre-conventional level
- punishment orientation
- naive reward orientation
convention level
- good boy-girl orientation
- authouritarian orientation
post-conventional level
- social contract orientation
- individual purposes & conscience orientation
adolesence highlights
identity crisis
stress ( ID and Relationships)
Suicide attempts
The adolescent brain
not fully developed prefrontal cortex. adlosent brains dont have brakes to slow emotions down. They take more risks
HIghlight about Early adulthood
trend of later marage (late 20-to early 30s) if at all
Parenting styles (4)
- Authoritarian
too controlling non-responsive - Indulgent permissive
little or no control and very responsive - indifferent-uninvolved
little or no control and non-responsive - Authoritative
appropriate control and responsive
highlights of middle adulthood
marital happiness
midlife crisis vs, reflection
empty nest syndrome vs Adjustment
Highlights of later adulthood
Active neurons gradually decline
Sensory sensitivity gradually declines
Fluid intelligence decrease
crystallized intelligence stable
life satisfaction in NEW identities and activities
interaction of physical, cognitive, and social health
Stages of grieving and dying
- Denial
- Anger
- bargining
- Depression
- Acceptence
shock
Testing
Progression
Sticking and cycling over the stages of grief.
