3. Development and Decision Making

Question 1

What are the primary objectives in system design (3)?

Answer 1

1. initiation of creative processes
2. find all necessary elements
3. assuring the design has appropriate effects on the environment and society

Question 2

’ Vision and mission’ for system development

Answer 2

• vision: how to make a tangible system and the organisation that requires
• mission: lays down objectives and strategies for the system development process

Question 3

Market analysis

Answer 3

Analysis which attempts to estimate the potential benefits of system development and its influence on the organisation and the potential market

Question 4

MISSION + VISION + MARKET ANALYSIS =

Answer 4

SCOPING - the scope of the system or the product

Question 5

Examples of methods for ‘Market analysis’ and ‘System development’ (2):

Answer 5

• business case

- design drivers

Question 6

Types of customer needs (6):

Answer 6

• direct needs
• latent need
• constant needs
• variable needs
• general needs
• niche needs

Question 7

Direct needs

Answer 7

the needs which customers explicitly declare

Question 8

Latent needs

Answer 8

the needs which customers consider to be implied

Question 9

Constant needs

Answer 9

the needs which are intrinsic to a product

Question 10

Variable needs

Answer 10

needs that emerge as a result of an upgrade of the product

Question 11

General needs

Answer 11

essential needs which a product must fulfil in a given operating environment

Question 12

Niche needs

Answer 12

needs that emerge out of an exclusive customer segment

Question 13

Customer need model (4)

Answer 13

• to prioritise the needs
• needs are represented in a range of targets
• governed by probability distribution
• must satisfy the clusters of high probability

Question 14

Methods to gather ‘needs’ (4)

Answer 14

• interviews
• questionnaires
• focus groups
• be the customer

Question 15

What is the definition of affinity diagrams?

Answer 15

‘a group decision-making’ technique designed to sort a large number of ideas, concepts and opinions into naturally related groups’

Question 16

What is the purpose of affinity diagrams?

Answer 16

to sort a list of ideas into groups

Question 17

What are the stages when conducting an affinity sort? (6)

Answer 17

1. conduct a brainstorming session
2. clarify a list of ideas
3. randomly lay out cards on a table
4. sort cards into similar groups without talking
5. create a header that unifies the group
6. discuss

Question 18

Subtract and operate technique

Answer 18

• decide the sequence of disassembly
• remove component in the order in which they can be disassembled in one-by-one manner
• operate the system and note the loss of sub function

Question 19

What are the steps for Quality Function Deployment? (5)

Answer 19

1. benchmark various products
2. evaluate the targeted requirements
3. find the weakly satisfied customer needs
4. find their dependence or interrelationships
5. determine what product changes can be made

Question 20

What does TRIZ stand for?

Answer 20

theory of inventive problem solving

Question 21

What are the two basic principles of TRIZ?

Answer 21

• somebody, someplace has already solved your problem. Creativity means finding that solution and adapting it.
• Don’t accept compromises, eliminate them