3: Depression

Question 1

define: emotions

Answer 1

comprised of continuous and recursive components

Question 2

define: feelings

Answer 2

subjective experiences, a result of our emotions

Question 3

define: moods

Answer 3

states that can be longer lasting, and more pervasive

Question 4

which last the longest, mood, emotions or feelings?

Answer 4

LONGEST: moods, emotions, feelings :SHORTEST

Question 5

What is the difference between feelings and emotions?

Answer 5

feelings come as a result of emotions and feelings are less complex, eg within the feelings of anxiety, there will be a lot of different emotions

Question 6

What are the 5 components of emotions in appraisal theory?

Answer 6

Somatic/ Arousal (physiological response)
Motor (expressive)
Motivational (specific action tendendies)
Feeling (subjective experience)
Appraisal (self)

Question 7

how many people worldwide suffer with depression

Answer 7

300 million

Question 8

what % of people presenting to the GP have depression

Answer 8

13%

Question 9

how many weeks of depressive symptoms must occur concurrently for a depression diagnosis?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

what are the 2 key symptoms for depression?

Answer 10

Depressed mood, most of the day, nearly every day and / or
Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day

Question 11

what are the categories for the 3 extra symptoms you need for depression diagnosis?

Answer 11

Significant change in appetite or weight
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation / retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness and/or inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think of concentrate
Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or a specific plan for committing suicide

Question 12

what are the 5 alternate types of depression to typical major depressive disorder?

Answer 12

• Anxious Distress
• Postpartum
• Mixed Features
• Melancholic Features
• Atypical Features

Question 13

wat is the criteria for depression to be classed as persistent

Answer 13

it must last longer than 2 years

Question 14

define: meta-emotion

Answer 14

when a previous feeling leads to another feeling (eg getting sad/frustrated because you got angry)

Question 15

how is cognition used in CBT?

Answer 15

focuses on unhelpful thinking & behaviour (how people feel (reactions) is determined by the way they interpret situations)

Question 16

what are core beliefs?

Answer 16

Core beliefs are rigid, overgeneralized, global beliefs about the self, world, and other people.

Question 17

how do dysfunctional beliefs translate to real life?

Answer 17

People develop certain assumptions, or rules for living, that help protect them from the activation of their core beliefs. These assumptions get translated into actions which we understand as their coping strategies.

Question 18

what characterises automatic thoughts?

Answer 18

they are superficial, brought on from core beliefs and underlying assumptions

Question 19

which theory is behavioural activation based off?

Answer 19

learning theory (reinforcement)

Question 20

how does behavioural activation understand the spiral of depression?

Answer 20

When people become depressed, a lot of their behaviour functions to avoid unpleasant thoughts, feelings or situations but this also leads to missing out on positive reinforcers (especially social ones).

Question 21

how does behavioural activation tackle depression?

Answer 21

targets the behaviors that maintain depression

BA therapy is designed to raise patient’s awareness of unhelpful behaviours (eg avoidance) and the unintended consequences of their actions (i.e. that, rather than serve to improve the situation, client’s response can make the situation worse)

Question 22

what is the main difference between CBT and BA?

Answer 22

BA= behaviour
CBT= thinking

Question 23

what are the advantages of BA over CBT?

Answer 23

BA, a simpler psychological treatment than CBT, can be delivered by junior mental health workers with less intensive and costly training, with no lesser effect than CBT

Question 24

what moderates how our context influences our mental health?

Answer 24

our appraisals and feelings