3: Depression Flashcards
define: emotions
comprised of continuous and recursive components
define: feelings
subjective experiences, a result of our emotions
define: moods
states that can be longer lasting, and more pervasive
which last the longest, mood, emotions or feelings?
LONGEST: moods, emotions, feelings :SHORTEST
What is the difference between feelings and emotions?
feelings come as a result of emotions and feelings are less complex, eg within the feelings of anxiety, there will be a lot of different emotions
What are the 5 components of emotions in appraisal theory?
Somatic/ Arousal (physiological response)
Motor (expressive)
Motivational (specific action tendendies)
Feeling (subjective experience)
Appraisal (self)
how many people worldwide suffer with depression
300 million
what % of people presenting to the GP have depression
13%
how many weeks of depressive symptoms must occur concurrently for a depression diagnosis?
2
what are the 2 key symptoms for depression?
Depressed mood, most of the day, nearly every day and / or
Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day
what are the categories for the 3 extra symptoms you need for depression diagnosis?
Significant change in appetite or weight
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation / retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness and/or inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think of concentrate
Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or a specific plan for committing suicide
what are the 5 alternate types of depression to typical major depressive disorder?
- Anxious Distress
- Postpartum
- Mixed Features
- Melancholic Features
- Atypical Features
wat is the criteria for depression to be classed as persistent
it must last longer than 2 years
define: meta-emotion
when a previous feeling leads to another feeling (eg getting sad/frustrated because you got angry)
how is cognition used in CBT?
focuses on unhelpful thinking & behaviour (how people feel (reactions) is determined by the way they interpret situations)
what are core beliefs?
Core beliefs are rigid, overgeneralized, global beliefs about the self, world, and other people.
how do dysfunctional beliefs translate to real life?
People develop certain assumptions, or rules for living, that help protect them from the activation of their core beliefs. These assumptions get translated into actions which we understand as their coping strategies.
what characterises automatic thoughts?
they are superficial, brought on from core beliefs and underlying assumptions
which theory is behavioural activation based off?
learning theory (reinforcement)
how does behavioural activation understand the spiral of depression?
When people become depressed, a lot of their behaviour functions to avoid unpleasant thoughts, feelings or situations but this also leads to missing out on positive reinforcers (especially social ones).
how does behavioural activation tackle depression?
targets the behaviors that maintain depression
BA therapy is designed to raise patient’s awareness of unhelpful behaviours (eg avoidance) and the unintended consequences of their actions (i.e. that, rather than serve to improve the situation, client’s response can make the situation worse)
what is the main difference between CBT and BA?
BA= behaviour
CBT= thinking
what are the advantages of BA over CBT?
BA, a simpler psychological treatment than CBT, can be delivered by junior mental health workers with less intensive and costly training, with no lesser effect than CBT
what moderates how our context influences our mental health?
our appraisals and feelings
