3 CT continued

Question 1

loose CT

Answer 1

• Supports + binds other tissues
• sheaths (called fasciae) muscle bundles + nerves
• forms septae dividing organs + glands into lobes

Question 2

dense irregular CT

Answer 2

• provides resistance to stress in all directions

- collagen fibres are arranged in bundles w/ random orientation

Question 3

dense regular CT

Answer 3

• collagen bundles arranged in a definite pattern
• fibres aligned w/ linear orientation of cells in response to stress
• great resistance to force

Question 4

tendons

Answer 4

• attach muscle to bone
• dense ct
• fibroblasts oriented w/ elongated nuclei
• poor vascularisation - slow to heal
• have thin external sheet of dense CT covering them called the EPITENDINIUM

Question 5

ligaments

Answer 5

• bone to bone
• dense CT
• similar structure to tendons but less dense
• limit joint motion to appropriate ranges + directions

Question 6

functions of adipose tissue

Answer 6

• insulation
• specialised for synthesis + storage of lipids = energy store
• padding

Question 7

unilocular adipose

Answer 7

• white adipose

- contain one large fat droplet

Question 8

multilocular adipose

Answer 8

• brown adipose
• main energy store for foetus
• essential in early life / hibernating mammals for body heat
• energy released as heat, rapidly conducted by rich vasculature
• brown colour due to numerous MITOCHONDRIA

Question 9

cartilage

Answer 9

• is a matrix, rich in glycosaminoglycans + proteoglycans
• semi-rigid
• highly hydrated (70-75% water)
• resilient material - shock absorber
• LOW VASCULARISATION - slow to heal
• doesn’t regenerate, just gets replaced by dense CT

Question 10

cartilage functions

Answer 10

• sliding area for joints
• support for soft tissues - ear
• growth of long bones

Question 11

cartilage composition

Answer 11

• chondroblasts - mesenchymal progenitor cells which will form chondrocytes during endochondral ossification - also secret EM
• chondrocytes - secrete matrix of cartilage + become embedded in it
• collagen type 2
• ground substance - glycosaminoglycans

Question 12

perichondrium

Answer 12

• sheath of dense CT
• surrounds most cartilage - except synovial joints
• nerve, lymphatic, vascular supply
• essential for growth, maintenance, repair

Question 13

hyaline cartilage

Answer 13

• most common type
• lines surface of synovial joints - is glassy,fluid-like
• collagen type 2 fibres are masked
• temporary skeleton in foetus
• important for growth + shape of long bones - epiphyseal growth plate
• provides support in airways

Question 14

osteoarthritis

Answer 14

• chronic disease of articular cartilage
• caused by altered chondrocyte metabolism - degredation of ECM
• bone on bone contact - deterioration of movement, function

Question 15

elastic cartilage

Answer 15

• composed of type 2 cartilage AND elastin fibres

- elastin fibres only visible by elastic stain

Question 16

fibrocartilage

Answer 16

• layers of dense collagen type 1 fibres
• oriented in direction of stress
• NO perichondrium