3 Consultation and confrontation, 1930-42 Flashcards
What were the recommendations of the Simon Commission?
A conference of all interested parties should be held in order to discuss possible constitutional reforms.
What was organised in response to the Simon Commission recommendations?
- Round Table Conferences.
- British politics believed India should be moved to a dominion status.
Who, When and Where opened first table conference?
- Lord Irwin.
- London.
- November 1930.
Who chaired the first table conference?
-British Prime Minister and Labour Party Leader Ramsay MacDonald.
Who were the representatives at the first round table conference?
- 3 British political parties were represented by 16 delegates.
- Conservative group led by Sir Samuel Hoare.
- Liberal group led by Lord Reading.
Who were the 16 delegates?
-All Viceroy nominees,
Princes at the first round table conference?
- Sent 16 representatives.
- Unexpected delegation.
- Their support for concept of dominion status strengthened the case.
What was the outcome of the first table conference?
- India would be run as type of dominion.
- Dominion would take federation form- included princely states and 11 British provinces.
- Would be Indian participation in all levels of gov.
What happened on February 1931?
-British formally inaugurated New Delhi as the administrative capital of Raj by Lord Irwin.
Who were the 20th century British architects?
- Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker.
- Responsible for planning and design of large parts of new city.
When was the second round table conference?
- September and December 1931.
- Similar mix of delegates.
What was one major difference of the second round table conference?
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact made it possible for Congress to be represented.
- Gandhi became the representative.
What were Gandhi’s hopes and aims?
- Hoped to symbolise unity.
- He opposed outcome of first conference.
What did Gandhi fail to do, during the round table conferences?
-Consider impact of attendance of other Indian delegates, with different agendas from his, would be.
Who represented the Muslim League at the second round table conference?
- Iqbal, the Aga Khan.
- Muhammad Jinnah.
Who represented the Sikhs at the second round table conference?
-Master Tara Singh.
Who represented the untouchables at the second round table conference?
-Dr Ambedkar.
What was the demand of the second round table conference?
- All demanded separate electorates.
- Gandhi took particular exception to untouchables being considered for electorate.
Arguments at the second round table conference?
- Well-known and well rehearsed arguments began.
- Focused on the desirability of reserving seats for racial and religious minorities.
Who could not agree at the second round table conference?
- Hindus and Muslims.
- Couldn’t agree on possible emergence of an alliance between them that could outweigh recommendations that could be made by Congress.
When and Where was the third round table conference?
- Held in London.
- November to December 1932.
Who attended the third round table?
- 46 delegates.
- No one from British labour party.
- No one from Congress.
What happened at the third table conference?
- Discussed the franchise, finance and the role of Princely states.
- Could not reach defined conclusions.
Attitudes and actions context?Gandhi? during the 25 annual meeting of Congress 1920
- Gandhi’s success at 25th annual meeting of Congress 1920: blinded Hindus and Muslims in support for non-cooperation with Raj.
- 1930:Salt satyagraha.
Attitudes and actions context?Muslim League? during the 25 annual meeting of Congress 1920
-Continued attempts to bring about a rapprochement with Congress.
What did Gandhi decide during the second table conference?
-Gandhi’s decision that at second table conference he would speak to all Indians.
What happened on
November 1930 and December 1932?
-British political situation changed considerably.
What happened on August 1931?
- Labour government resigned after splitting and replaced by a Tory dominated coalition.
- Facing depression, unemployment and the collapse of the economy.
Who was the New secretary of state 1931?
-Sir samuel Hoare-Had more reservations about self government for India than his predecessor William Wedgwood.
What were the Reaction to reservations imposed by Sir Samuel Hoare?
-Shared by many in the Conservative party.
What did Winston Churchill do and what did he set up when talking about the reservations?
- Campaigned against Congress.
- Set up India Defence League.
What was the Fall of Ramsay MacDonald after the conferences?
- Lost support of his own labour party.
- Able to continue in office only through National Government.
What happened to the Congress and the conferences?
- Not represented at first conference. (Nehru and Gandhi in jail)
- Gandhi-Irwin pact allowed Gandhi to travel to London for second conference.
- Gandhi maintained he alone would speak for Indians.
What were the Divisions with the Muslim League during the round table conferences?
- Jinnah made sure the Muslim voice was heard.
- Supported by representatives in minority groups.
- Jinnah’s tactics created complications playing groups of against each other.
Who replaced Viceroy Lord Irwin? 1931
- Lord Willingdon.
- Previously governed-general of Canada.
- Governed previously of Bombay.
How was the relationship between Gandhi and Lord Willingdon?
- Willingdon despised Gandhi-irwin pact.
- Viewed Gandhi as dangerous but forced to respect him.
What did Willingdon decide to do?
Take British government instructions that he should conciliate those elements of Indian opinion that worked with current administration.