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GCSE Physics > 3) Conservation of Energy > Flashcards

3) Conservation of Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the stores of energy?

A 
Kinetic
Gravitational potential energy
Chemical
Thermal
Elastic potential energy
Nuclear
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2
Q

What is the internal store?

A

Kinetic energy stored in particles + chemical energy stored in chemical bonds between particles

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3
Q

How is energy added to the body?

A

Eating food

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4
Q

What property of an object is a measure of the energy stored in the kinetic stores of its particles?

A

Temperature

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5
Q

What is kinetic energy measured in?

A

Joules (J)

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6
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

KE = 0.5 x m x v^2

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7
Q

What is the equation for GPE?

A

GPE = m x g x h

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8
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

A

elastic potential energy = 0.5 x spring constant x extension^2
EE = 0/5 x k x e^2

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9
Q

How can energy be transferred between stores?

A

Heating
Mechanical work
Electrical work
Waves

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10
Q

How is more work done?

A

Push with equal force for longer distance

Push with larger force for same distance

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11
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work done = force x distance

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12
Q

What is the equation for electrical energy?

A

Electrical energy = power x time

E = V x I x t

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13
Q

What is the work done by a force equal to?

A

The energy transferred to the object

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14
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Efficiency = (useful power output / total power output) x 100

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15
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watts (W)

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16
Q

What are the ways to reduce unwanted energy transfer?

A

Thermal insulation

Lubrication

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17
Q

How is heat loss reduced in homes?

A

Fit loft insulation
Use double glazing
Use cavity wall insulation
Fit carpets

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18
Q

How does wall size affect insulation?

A

Thicker walls = less heat lost

Lower thermal conductivity material = less heat lost

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19
Q

How does lubrication reduce heat loss?

A

Reduces frictional forces

20
Q

What is an energy resource?

A

A resource used to generate electricity and other forms of energy

21
Q

What are the stages of collecting energy from a turbine?

A

1) Energy resource is used to rotate a turbine
2) Rotating turbine rotates a coil of wire in a magnetic field (a generator)
3) Coil of wire creates an electric current

22
Q

What are advantages of fossil fuels?

A

Reliable

On demand electricity

23
Q

How is energy created from fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels are burnt to heat a fluid which creates steam and turns a turbine

24
Q

What are disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

Not renewable
Inefficient
Contributes to global warming

25
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

Natural energy by heating

Volcanoes, magma

26
Q

What are advantges of geothermal energy?

A

Nenewable

Reliable

27
Q

What are disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A

Can only be used where volcanic activity is close to the surface

28
Q

What are advantages of wind power?

A

Renewable energy

29
Q

What are disadvantages of wind power?

A

Unreliable, needs blowing wind

30
Q

What are advantages of hydroelectric power?

A

Renewable

More reliable than wind and solar

31
Q

What are disadvantages of hydroelectric power?

A

Hydroelectic dams change the paths of rivers

32
Q

What are advantages of tidal energy?

A

Renewable source of energy

33
Q

What are disadvantages of tidal energy?

A

Creation of tidal turbines can damage ecosystems

34
Q

How does hydroelectric power work?

A

Dams trap high water and when dropped it rotates a turbine

35
Q

What are advantages of nuclear energy?

A

No greenhouse gas emission

Reliable

36
Q

What are disadvantages of nuclear energy?

A

Disposal of long half-life waste can cause safety issues

Long term damage if an accident occurs

37
Q

How does nuclear energy work?

A

Nuclear energy stored in nuclei is relseased and heats up graphite creating water and steam

38
Q

What are advantages of solar enegry?

A

Renewable

39
Q

What are disadvanatges of solar energy?

A

Only produces electricity when there is sunlight

40
Q

What is the orignal source of energy?

A

The sun

41
Q

What are the energy resources?

A 
Geothermal
Tidal
Wind
Water
Solar
Nuclear
Fossil fuels
42
Q

What are some uses of energy sources?

A

Transport

Heating

43
Q

When did electricity use begin to decline in the UK?

A

21st century

44
Q

Why has the use of enegry resources changed over time?

A

Technological advances
Environmental concerns
Changing costs

45
Q

How are we solving the energy problem?

A

Electric vehicles
Government policies
Renewable power plants

46
Q

What are limits to renewable energy sources?

A

Politics
Cost
Reliability

GCSE Physics (14 decks)

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