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Cell Pathology > 3. Cancer > Flashcards

3. Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer

A

Malignant neoplasm

Abnormal growth of cells that proliferate uncontrollably

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2
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of cancer cells

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3
Q

Carcinogen

A

Cancer causing substance

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4
Q

Tumour

A

Any kind of mass forming lesion

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5
Q

Neoplasm

A

Autonomous growth of tissue which have escaped normal constraints on cell proliferation

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6
Q

Benign neoplasm

A

Remains localised

Can be cured by local surgery

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7
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A

Invade locally and/or spread to distant sites
More difficult to cure
Require chemotherapy

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8
Q

Hamartomas

A

Localised benign overgrowths of >,1 mature cell types

Malformed normal tissue

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9
Q

Heterotopias

A

Normal tissue found where not normally present

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10
Q

Classification of neoplasms

A

Stem: Cell origin
Suffix: Benign or Malignant

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11
Q

Suffix “Oma”

A

Benign tumour

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12
Q

Suffix “Sarcoma”

A

Malignant tumour

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13
Q

Malignant tumours with suffix “Oma”

A

Malignant lymphoma
Malignant melanoma
Hepatoma
Teratoma

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14
Q

Teratoma

A

Tumour derived from germ cells
Can contain tissue from all 3 germ cell layers
Can contain mature, immature tissue and/or cancer

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15
Q

Difference between benign & malignant tumours

A

Invasion
Metastasis
Differentiation
Growth pattern

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16
Q

Differentiation

A

How much do cells of tumour resemble cells of tissue its derived from

17
Q

Growth pattern

A

How much does architecture of tumour resemble architecture of tissue its derived from

18
Q

By which routes do malignant neoplasms spread?

A 
Direct extension. 
Haematogenous: Blood vessels
Lymphatic 
Transcoelomic: Body cavities
Perineural: Nerves
19
Q

How do we assess tumour spread?

A
  1. Clinically
  2. Radiologically
  3. Pathologically
20
Q

How do we describe tumour spread (stage)?

A 
T = Tumour: tumour size or extent of local invasion
N = Nodes: No of lymph nodes involved
M = Metastases: presence of distant metastases
21
Q

In terms of tumour prognosis, what is more important?

A

Stage

22
Q

Grade

A

How differentiated is the tumour?

23
Q

Stage

A

How far has the tumour spread?

Cell Pathology (6 decks)

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