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P.E- Mr Hand > 3. Calculations and External Forces > Flashcards

3. Calculations and External Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull that alters or tends to alter the state of motion of a body.

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2
Q

What is velocity?

A

The rate of change in displacement.

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3
Q

What is momentum?

A

The quantity of motion possessed by a moving body.

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4
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity

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5
Q

Force equation

A

Force = mass x acceleration

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6
Q

Velocity equation

A

velocity = displacement//time taken

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7
Q

Momentum equation

A

momentum = mass x velocity

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8
Q

What is force measured in?

A

N

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9
Q

What is velocity measured in?

A

m/s

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10
Q

What is momentum measured in?

A

kgm/s

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11
Q

What is acceleration measured in?

A

m/s/s

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12
Q

What are the vertical forces?

A

Weight
Reaction force

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13
Q

What is weight?

A

The gravitational pull that the earth exerts on a body and is measured in Newtons.
Weight force is always present and acts downwards from the body’s centre of mass

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14
Q

What is weight represented by?

A

downward arrow

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15
Q

What is reaction force?

A

The equal and opposite force exerted by a body in response to the action force placed upon it and measured in Newtons.
Newtons 3rd law of motion and is always present when two bodies are in contact

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16
Q

What is reaction force represented by?

A

upward arrow

17
Q

What are the horizontal forces?

A
  • friction
  • air resistance
18
Q

What is friction?

A

Opposes the motion when 2 surfaces are in contact and is measured in Newtons (N).

19
Q

What is an example of friction in play?

A

a cyclist’s tyres would tend to slip backwards as they rotate, friction opposes this and acts forward

20
Q

What are the factors that affect friction?

A
  • roughness of the ground
  • roughness of the contact surface
  • temperature
  • size of normal reaction
21
Q

How does roughness of the ground affect friction?

A

By increasing roughness of the ground, surface friction is increased.

22
Q

Example of roughness of ground affecting friction

A

athletes run on a rubberised track

23
Q

How does roughness of the contact surface affect friction?

A

By increasing roughness of contact surface, friction is increased.

24
Q

Example of roughness of contact surface affecting friction

A

sprinters, jumpers, throwers wear spikes

25
Q

How does temperature affect friction?

A

By increasing the temp, of the ground and contact surface, friction is increased

26
Q

Example of temperature affecting friction

A

F1 drivers have a warm up lap on the track

27
Q

How does the size of normal reaction affect friction?

A

By increasing the normal reaction, friction is increased.

28
Q

Example of size of normal reaction affecting friction

A

Shot putters have a high mass

29
Q

What is air resistance?

A

A force that opposes the motion of a body travelling through the air and is a form of fluid friction measured in Newtons.
It can play a huge role in sport, especially for bodies that travel at high velocities such as a badminton shuttle

30
Q

What are the factors affecting air resistance?

A
  • velocity
  • shape
  • frontal cross-sectional area
  • smoothness of the surface
31
Q

How does velocity affect air resistance?

A

By increasing velocity, air resistance increases

32
Q

Example of how velocity affects air resistance

A

The greater the velocity of a sprint cyclist around the velodrome track, the greater the force of air resistance opposing their motion.

33
Q

How does shape affect air resistance?

A

The more aerodynamic the shape, the lower the air resistance.
Many sports use a tear drop or aerofoil shape to minimise air resistance.

34
Q

Example of how shape affects air resistance

A

shape of a sprint cyclist’s helmet - streamlined

35
Q

What does streamlined mean?

A

The creation of smooth air flow around an aerodynamic shape to minimise air resistance

36
Q

How does frontal cross sectional area affect air resistance?

A

By decreasing the frontal cross sectional area, air resistance decreases

37
Q

Example of how frontal cross sectional area affects air resistance

A

The low, crouched position of giant slalem skiers in the straights

38
Q

How does smoothness of surface affect air resistance?

A

By increasing smoothness of the surface, air resistance decreases

39
Q

Example of smoothness of surface affects air resistance

A

Smooth lycra suits of sprinters, cyclists, skiers

P.E- Mr Hand (6 decks)

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