3. Bones and Joints Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of bones?
Weight bearing
protection
mineral storage
blood formation
What are the 2 types of ossifications?
Endochondral: cartilage model first, BV invade it, ossifies it, cartilage moves to epiphyseal growth plate= becomes bone
Intramembranous: no cartilage, mesenchymal cells develop into osteoprogenitor cells and become osteoblasts which deposit bone ie in skull
What is hematopoiesis?
occurs in the spongy trabeculae of bone. Stem cells in bone marrow create red and white platelets
What 2 components form bone?
1) Compact bone: made up of Haversian systems, found in the periosteum of bones
2) Spongy/trabecular bone: bone marrow, no haversian system, found inside bones
What are the 3 types of cells found in bone?
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
What is the ECM in bone made up of?
45% hydroxyapatite crystals
35% collagen
20% water
What do osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes do?
Osteoclasts: derived from hematopoietic stem cells. Found on bone surface, reabsorb bone matrix
Osteoblasts: immature osteocytes that secrete ECM. From progenitor cells
Osteocytes: mature osteoblasts in bone matrix
Does cartilage have blood vessels?
No, diffusion from perichodnrlal vessels
What are the cells found in cartilage?
chondroblasts and chondrocytes
Where is each type of cartilage found?
What is the ECM of cartilage made up of?
Glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans
What are the 3 types of joints?
What are examples of the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous= cranial sutures
Cartilagenous= epiphyseal growth plate or in between discs
Synovial= ball and socket
What is the blood supply in joints?
Joints have rich blood and nerve supply
Anastomoses are common (joining of BV)
Hilton’s law: nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a certain joint also innervates this joint
What are the 2 types of growth of bone?
Interstitial= epiphyseal plate
Appositional= width
What are the 5 different bone shapes?
What are these bone markings?
Identify parts of the femur
Identify parts of the femur
Identify features of the compact bone
How would you differentiate between the atlas and the axis?
Atlas= opening ring with no spinous process
Axis= small transverse framing
Identify the features of a rib
Identify the features of the humerus
Identify the features of the tibia
Identify the features of the fibula
Identify the features of the radius
Identify the features of the ulna
Identify the bones of the pelvic girdle
What does the acetabulum articulate with?
head of the femur
What are the 6 types of synovial joints
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
Primary cartilaginous= synchondroses: hyaline cartilage ie growth plates
Secondary= symphysis: hyaline and fibrocartilage ie pubic symphysis
What type of cartilage is this ?
