3 - Biofilm 2: Periodontal disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What influences oral microflora?

A
  • host factors (systemic disease, antibiotics, hygiene)
  • diet (composition, frequency)
  • saliva (flow rate, pH, antimicrobial factors)
  • GCF (antimicrobial)
  • microbial interactions (competition, symbiosis)
  • gaseous environment
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2
Q

What do bacteria release that increase the rate of progression towards periodontal disease?

A
  • cytotoxins
  • proteinases
  • LPS
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3
Q

Describe the development of the biofilm related to periodontal disease.

A
  • naked surface
  • conditioning film (host salivary glycoproteins)
  • linking film (streptococcus)
  • co-aggregation and re-conditioning film (actinomyces)
  • accumulation and shedding, eg the spread of disease (fusobacterium)
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4
Q

What are the key microorganisms present in a healthy periodontium?

A
  • oral streptococci (gram positive)
  • actinomyces
  • veillonella
  • haemophilus
  • neisseri
  • fusobacterium
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5
Q

What are the key microorganisms present in a gingivitis?

A
  • actinomyces
  • prevotella intermedia
  • bacteroides
  • fusobacterium nucleatum
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6
Q

What are the key microorganisms present in a diseased periodontium?

A
  • prophyromonas gingivalis *
  • tannerella forsythia*
  • treponema denticola *
  • prevotella intermedia
  • A. a
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7
Q

Describe microbial competition.

A
  • dominance of a biofilm
  • metabolic products can toxic to other species (acids or oxidants)
  • bacteriocins
  • receptor antagonism
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8
Q

Describe microbial cooperation.

A
  • integration and symbiosis of bacteria in the biofilm
  • metabolic products that support other bacteria (saccharides, peptides, growth factors)
  • adhesion substrates allow biofilm to form
  • immune avoidance
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9
Q

What is a commensal community?

A

A biofilm present in a healthy mouth that avoids disease by constraining pathogens or excluding them (ie preventing adhesion)

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10
Q

What properties make P. ging a keystone pathogen for periodontitis?

A
  • host cell tissue adhesion via fimbriae
  • multiple proteases (collagenase, fibrinolysin, phospholipase A, phosphatases)
  • endotoxin (LPS)
  • capsular polysaccharide that has outer membrane vesicles
  • by-products that are toxic to tissues (hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, fatty acids)
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11
Q

Describe the adhesion of P. ging.

A
  • fibrillar adhesions help to invade membranes of host cells
  • long fimbriae are the initial attachment
  • short fimbriae which allows cell to cell aggregation and allows formation of microcolonies
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12
Q

What is gingipains?

A
  • protease
  • manipulates the biofilm and host defences
  • causes degradation of innate receptors and cytokines
  • causes tissue destruction via MMPs
  • uses subversion by tricking the host system
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13
Q

What are the properties of A. a that make it a key stone pathogen?

A
  • produces leukotoxin, cytotoxin and LPS
  • has membrane vesicles
  • has fimbriae for attachment
  • can subvert host immune system
  • has a glycoprotein matrix
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