3. Basic structure of the respiratory system Flashcards
Describe the role of the nasal cavities.
They warm and humidify the air passing through the nasal cavities.
Describe nasal cavities
Lined by olfactory mucosa
Very sensitive
Innervated by ethmoidal nerve
Describe the resistance of the nasal cavities and the implications for exercise.
High resistance - when exercising, breathing is mainly done through the mouth because that is a path of lower resistance and more water is lost
3 Functions of paranasal sinuses
Help to lighten the skull Effect resonant quality of voice Protective of brain: Form crumple zone Air in them acts as “double glazing”
What are the bony structures underlying the epithelial layer on the lateral side of the nasal cavities called?
Conchae
What are the paranasal sinuses?
4 sets of blind-ended out-pocketings of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities
Paranasal Sinuses: Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoid, Sphenoid
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx and where are they found?
Nasopharynx: behind the nasal cavities
Oropharynx: posterior to the tongue, consists of lymphoid tissue
Laryngopharynx: below the epiglottis
What is the larynx?
Cartilaginous structure that is supported from the roof of the mouth from the hyoid bone
What structure is attached to the vocal ligaments which open and close entry to the larynx?
Arytenoid cartilage
What causes phonation?
Vibration of vocal ligaments
Form sphincter to stop anything other than air entering airway
Why is cartilage horseshoe shaped deficient posteriorly?
Trachea always kept open without muscular effort
When does the trachea divide?
Sternal angle
angle of Louis
Where do the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi lead?
Primary: Into the lungs (L or R)
Secondary: To individual lobes
Tertiary: Specific segment
Which bronchus is shorter and more vertical?
Right primary bronchus
What reduces bronchiolar and alveolar surface tension?
Surfactant
