3: Basic Principles of Heredity Flashcards

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1
Q

Year Mendel publishes his experiments

A

1866

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2
Q

Birthdate of Modern Genetics, “Rediscovery of Mendel’s work”

A

1900

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3
Q

The Chromosome Theory of Heredity

A

chromosomes are the carriers of genes

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4
Q

states that two alleles of a genes, on maternal and one paternal, separate in equal proportions when gametes are formed (separation of Aa into gametes)

A

Segregation (Mendel’s First Law)

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5
Q

states that alleles at different loci separate independently (Aa separates into gametes regardless of how Bb separates) i.e. genes are not linked

A

Independent Assortment (Mendel’s Second Law)

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6
Q

cross between parents that differ in a single characteristic

A

monohybrid cross

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7
Q

first generation of a cross

A

P (parental) generation

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8
Q

offspring of P generation

A

F1 (first filial) generation

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9
Q

what do monohybrid crosses reveal?

A

principle of segregation and concept of dominance

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10
Q

states that when two different alleles are present in a genotype, only the trait encoded by one of them is observed in the phenotype

A

concept of dominance

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11
Q

F1 x P cross

A

backcross

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12
Q

1st place you can determine which allele is dominant

A

F1 generation

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13
Q

form of progeny testing that reveal the genotype of an individual of dominant phenotype. always cross with a homozygous recessive (A_ x aa)

A

testcross

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14
Q

predicts probability of joint occurrence of independent events (AND)

A

multiplication rule

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15
Q

predicts probability of either occurrence of mutually exclusive events (OR)

A

addition rule

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16
Q

additional information that modifies of conditions the probability for a situation

A

conditional probability

17
Q

the common allele for a character (usually found in the wild), symbolized with letter and a +

A

wild type

18
Q

phenotypic ratio of Aa x Aa

A

3 : 1

19
Q

phenotypic ratio of Aa x aa

A

1 : 1

20
Q

uniform progeny

A

all offspring have the same phenotype

21
Q

phenotypic ratio of AA x Aa or two homozygous parents

A

uniform progeny

22
Q

genotypic ratio of cross between two heterozygotes

A

1 : 2 : 1

23
Q

genotypic ratio of cross between heterozygote and homozygote

A

1 : 1

24
Q

genotypic ration of cross between two homozygotes

A

uniform progeny

25
Q

what do dihybrid crosses reveal?

A

principle of independent assortment

26
Q

the principle of independent assortment results from…

A

the principle of segregation in anaphase I

27
Q

heterozygote that possesses a recessive disease allele, but does not express the disease phenotype

A

carrier