3. Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What are the three aspects of anxiety?
- Physiology: racing heart, sweaty, butterflies
- Cognition: negative thinking
- Behavioural: fight-or-flight
For anxiety to be a disorder the fear must be three things…
- Excessive
- Leads to avoidance of events
- Causes significant distress
What are obsessions in OCD
Intrusive and reoccurring thoughts that cause distress
What are compulsions in OCD
Behaviours carried out repetitively in response to the obsessive thoughts to try and prevent them coming true.
Describe inflated responsibility in OCD
People with OCD believe that they have an inflated responsibility in controlling the outcome of events. They believe that their behaviour can stop an intrusive thought from coming true.
Describe inflated responsibility in OCD
People with OCD believe that they have an inflated responsibility in controlling the outcome of events. They believe that their behaviour can stop an intrusive thought from coming true.
Describe thought-action fusion in OCD
- Having a thought is the same as performing it
- Having a thought can affect what happens
- Can result in thought suppression which is a defence mechanism against the intrusive thoughts but actually increases its frequency.
Describe the mood as input hypothesis in OCD
- Carry out the compulsive behaviour until they ‘feel better’ rather than a concrete amount of times.
- ‘As many as you can’ stop rule
- The strong negative mood is used as feedback that they haven’t done it enough times
What is ERP in OCD?
Exposure and Ritual Prevention: exposing OCD patient to the feared stimuli and preventing them from carrying out the rituals.
What is Behavioural Inhibition in Social Anxiety?
A temperamental style characterised by withdrawal, wariness and avoidance and shyness in novel and unfamiliar situations. It’s linked with SA for example Hudson and Dodd found it correlates with SA and other forms of anxiety (as does maternal over-involvement and maternal anxiety).
What are the dysfunctional beliefs in social phobics?
- Belief that they will humiliate themselves
- They are not worthy or good enough
- High standards of how they should behave: always be eloquent and intelligent.
Describe how social phobics process themselves as a social object
- Social phobics direct their attention on themselves during interactions and critically self-evaluate
- Prevents objective interpretation of a neutral social event
Evaluate the cognitive role in social phobia
- Wells: SP recall social event from the observer’s perspective not their own
- Fod et al: SA report more negative social events occurring then controls
- Aiden: SA struggle to process positive feedback
- Rapee and Lim: SA are more critical of their performance in social situations
- Dodd: May be normal
Describe CBT for SA
- Exposure therapy to feared social situations
- Social skills training
- Cognitive restructuring of negative thoughts
