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Boards Pharm 01: Antimicrobials > 3. Antimycobacterials > Flashcards

3. Antimycobacterials Flashcards

1
Q

M. tuberculosis Prophylaxis

A

Isoniazid

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2
Q

M. tuberculosis Treatment

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

“RIPE for treatment”

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3
Q

M. avium intracellulare Prophylaxis

A

Azithromycin

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4
Q

M. avium intracellulare Treatment

A

Azithromycin
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

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5
Q

M. leprae Prophylaxis

A

NONE

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6
Q

M. leprae Treatment

A

Dapsone
Rifampin
Clofazimine

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7
Q

Isoniazid (INH) - MOA

A
  • Decrease synthesis of mycolic acids

- Bacterial catalase-peroxidase required to convert INH to active metabolite.

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8
Q

Isoniazid (INH) - Clinical Use

A
  • MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS treatment and prophylaxis
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9
Q

Isoniazid (INH) - Toxicities

A
  • Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, lupus
  • Pyridoxine (Vit. B6) can prevent neurotoxicity, lupus.

“INH - Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes”

Different INH half lives in fast and slow acetylators

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10
Q

Rifampin - MOA

A
  • Inhibit DNA dependent RNA polymerase.

“Rifampin’s 4 R’s

  • RNA polymerase inhibitor
  • Revs up microsomal p450
  • Red / orange body fluids
  • Rapid resistance if used alone”
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11
Q

Rifampin - Clinical Use

A
  • MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS treatment
  • Delays resistance to Dapsone when used for leprosy.
  • Prophylaxis for meningococcal infections
  • Prophylaxis for contacts of H. influenzae type B
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12
Q

Rifampin - Toxicities

A
  • Minor hepatotoxicity and drug interactions (Increase p450 activity)
  • Orange body fluids (non-toxic)
  • Rapid resistance if used alone

“Rifampin’s 4 R’s

  • RNA polymerase inhibitor
  • Revs up microsomal p450
  • Red / orange body fluids
  • Rapid resistance if used alone”
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13
Q

Pyrazinamide - MOA

A

Uncertain

- May acidify intracellular environment by conversion to Pyrazanoic acid

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14
Q

Pyrazinamide - Clinical Use

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment
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15
Q

Pyrazinamide - Toxicities

A

Hyperuricemia

Hepatotoxicity

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16
Q

Ethambutol - MOA

A
  • Decrease carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase
17
Q

Ethambutol - Clinical Use

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment

18
Q

Ethambutol - Toxicities

A

Optic neuropathy - Red/Green color blindness

Boards Pharm 01: Antimicrobials (7 decks)

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