3. Ageing, hypertension and multimorbidity Flashcards
Q Definition of a long term condition
• Department of Health definition: A Long Term Condition is defined as a condition that cannot, at present be cured; but can be controlled by medication and other therapies. eg. diabetes, heart disease and copd
Q Multimorbidity is defined as
the co-occurrence of two or more chronic medical conditions in one person.
Awareness of the changing age demographic of the UK and the implications for health and social care
ageing pop.
^ median age of a country/region
^ in no. + prop of old p. : due to ^ life expectancy and declining birth rates
In UK: Sig ^ over 65s and 85s in last 30yr will increase further
Increased life expectancy due to:
- Improved healthcare, sanitation, living conditions, vaccination and education –
- ^ QOL
- Polio vaccine
- Fall in birth rates in the 5th transitional stage as family home dynamic disappears.
- female life no longer to reproduce, more opportunities.
- Increased cost of raising a child.
D Health gap:
The number of years someone can expect to live without a disability after the age of 65 now varies by more than 12 years between local authorities with the highest and lowest levels of disability free life expectancy.
Challenges of an ageing population
^no. with disabilites health gap older= ^admission/pers ie. FRAILALTY reduction in physcical capacity of NHS gaps in jobs pressure on health + social care funding social loneiness multimorbidity mentl illness-dementia
Q Polypharmacy:
use of four or more medications by a patient
Q Medicines compliance:
the degree to which a patient correctly following a medically advised recommended course of treatment—e.g., refers to medication or drug compliance, but it can also apply to other situations such as medical device use, self-care, self-directed exercises, or therapy sessions
Q Quality improvement - eg audit
ndividual cases in which there has been a significant occurrence (not necessarily involving an undesirable outcome for the patient) are analysed in a systematic and detailed way to ascertain what can be learnt about the overall quality of care and to indicate changes that might lead to future improvements
SEA
Q the purpose of medication reviews.
for optimising the use of medicines for some people (eg long‑term conditions/ mult meds), identify medicines to be stopped/ dosage change, new medicines that are better.
Bascially:
check they are working properly
they are appropriate for you chance for patients to ask ???
Q stages of SEA:
Significant event audit The seven stages of SEA: 1. Awareness and prioritisation of a significant event 2. Information gathering 3. The facilitated team-based meeting 4. Analysis of the significant event 5. Agree, implement and monitor change 6. Documentation 7. Report, share and review
PQ
What different routes can be used to administer drugs to a patient?
abbreviation used
oral (po), intravenous (iv), rectal (pr), subcutaneous (sc), intramuscular (im), intra-nasal (in), topical (top), sublingual (sl), inhaled (inh), nebulised (neb).
PQ Salbutamol – Clenil modulate – Paracetamol – Diclofenac – Ramipril – Bendroflumethiazide – Amlodipine – Lansoprazole –
inhaled, nebulised, oral and intravenous inhaled oral, rectal and intravenous oral, rectal, topical oral oral oral oral
PQ For salbutamol and clenil modulate, explain why this route is used rather than orally.
by inhalation to;
1) avoid first pass metabolism
2) so that the drug gets directly to the small airways where it will exert its effects.
