Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EXB 117 MIDTERM > 3-4. Obesity > Flashcards

3-4. Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

What is BMI used as?

A

A “quick and dirty” way to assess overall body fatness in large populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Approx what % of the population engages in enough resistance training to significantly augment lean mass? Significance?

A

when the majority of peeps gain weight, it is due to fat not lean mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Equation for BMI?

A

body weight (kg) / height^2 (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is DEXA?

A

Dual Emission Xray Absorptiometry = gold standard in body comp analysis that can differentiate b/t bone, lean tissue, and fat w/in any particular anatomic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of fat is most dangerous?

A

Visceral fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is RMR primarily proportional to?

A

Lean mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What determines a person’s level of “calorie-wasting”? Example?

A

Genes and environment (ex. twin experiment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do most humans’ calorie intake and energy expenditure match up?

A

Highly regulated (equal in caloric quantity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of chronic exercise in weight management?

A

Preserves lean mass during calorie restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List some co-morbidities of obesity.

A
  • Glucose, insulin
  • Hypertension
  • Blood lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you treat obesity?

A

Quantify the “co-morbidities” (blood lipids, glucose, hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many calories does 1 lb of human fat store?

A

~3500 calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a MET?

A

Metabolic equivalent of one resting energy expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define obesity.

A

A condition of excess body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the ways in which body fat is measured?

A
  • Skinfolds
  • Body density
  • Electrical conductivity or impedance
  • Xray or nuclear techniques
  • BMI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What BMI range is considered normal? Overweight? Obese?

A
  • Normal = 18.5-24.9
  • Overweight = 25 - 29.9
  • Obese = 30+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is a child’s weight status determined? How is this diff than adults?

A

Using an age and sex-specific percentile for BMI as opposed to set BMI ranges for adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What defines obesity in children?

A

BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What defines extreme obesity in children?

A

BMI at or above 120% of the 95% percentile for children of the same age and sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What health disorders does obesity increase the morbidity of?

A
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • CVDs
  • Stroke
  • Cancers
  • Liver and gallbladder disease
21
Q

What measurements characterize a high risk waist circumference for men? Women?

A
  • Men = 40+ inches

- Women = 35+ inches

22
Q

How does abdominal fat accumulation increase the risk of type II diabetes?

A

Related to abnormalities in glucose metabolism centered around resistance to insulin

23
Q

How does abdominal fat increase the risk of atherosclerosis?

A

Related to the distorted pattern of circulating lipoproteins and cytokines as well as elevations in BP

24
Q

What are the criteria for the metabolic syndrome?

A
  • Increased abdominal girth
  • Insulin resistance
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Hypertension
25
What are the psychosocial consequences of obesity?
- Impairment of self-image - Discrimination by peers - Susceptibility to psychoneuroses - Social isolation - Loss of mobility - Increased absenteeism
26
What are the physiological factors that link physical activity to body weight?
- Energy balance - Use of energy-yielding nutrients - Body composition - Appetite and food intake
27
What is necessary before the body can self-regulate energy balance?
A certain minimum level of physical activity
28
In what circumstances does exercise energy expenditure increase?
- As exercise intensity increases | - As fitness level increases
29
How does exercise affect metabolic rate over 24 hrs?
Increases metabolic rate for several hours after exercise
30
At what exercise intensities do women burn more fat as a % of total kcal? Men?
- Women = at lower intensities | - Men = at higher intensities
31
How does moderate aerobic exercise affect fat oxidation?
Fat oxidation increases along w/ duration of moderate aerobic exrcise
32
What are the short term effects of exercise on appetite and food intake?
High intensity exercise has an immediate inhibitory effect on appetite and food intake
33
What are the long term effects of exercise on appetite and food intake?
High intensity exercise resulted in a close matching of energy intake and energy expenditure (in elite athletes)
34
What mechanisms control eating behavior? (esp. overeating)
- Biological: homeostasis control by the hypothalamus - Physiological: hunger and satiety vs. palatability of foods - Psychosocial: external cues vs. internal signals, cognitive restraint, social eating
35
How does obesity affect fat metabolism?
Alters adipocyte metabolism --> preference for fat storage rather than using fat for energy production
36
What mechanisms shift fat metabolism towards storage as opposed to energy production?
- Overproduction of lipoprotein lipase - Impaired EPI-stimulated lipolysis - Hyperinsulinemia
37
What processes is adipocytokines involved in?
- Appetite regulation - Energy metabolism - Inflammation - BP regulation
38
What are the daily recommendations for exercise?
60 mins of moderate intensity exercise per day
39
How much (frequency and intensity) exercise is needed to achieve weight stability?
13-26 MET-hrs per week
40
According to the National Weight Control Registry, successful weight loss maintenance correlates to burning how many calories per week?
2800 kcals/week
41
List the goals of exercise programs?
- Promote increased energy expenditure - Promote fat loss and maintenance of lean body mass - Be safe for participant - Promote permanent increases in activity levels w/in the individual's lifestyle
42
What causes obesity?
Chronic over-ingestion of calories relative to expenditure
43
What type of environment is Appestat wired for?
- Calorie scarce | - Calorie flux is high (1000-2000 cals above daily resting energy requirement)
44
What % of obesity is caused by "single point mutations" of the genetic code?
LOOKUP
45
Why has the incidence of obesity skyrocketed since 1970?
Industrialized countries --> "obesogenic environment" --> sedentary lifestyle
46
For what situations is BMI a reasonable estimate of excess fat?
In general populations
47
When does BMI fail to track obesity?
In peeps w/ lots of lean muscle mass
48
What variables best predict the health risks of a given % of body fat?
LOOKUP
49
How is "central" obesity measured?
Waist circumference

EXB 117 MIDTERM (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions