1-2. Exercise and Aging Flashcards
Chronic vs. acute exercise?
- Chronic = repeated bouts of exercise
- Acute = single exercise bout
Exercise bouts vs. physical activity?
- Exercise bouts may involve special clothing
- Physical activity can be done in everyday clothing
What do all hypokinetic diseases have in common in terms of cause, time course, and symptomatology?
- Associated w/ inactivity and lack of exercise
- Asymptomatic for decades, then sudden catastrophic clinical precipitation
- Dz’s interact and are mutually causative
- Much easier to prevent than reverse
- All are quantitative
- Tight control arrests progression and limits events
Define aging.
Fundamental, unavoidable alteration in biological function that occurs in a single organism w/ the passage of time
What are the consequences of aging?
- Constriction of homeostatic range
- Decrease in disease resistance
- Decreased ability of the body to sustain reparative/maintenance functions (entropy starts to win)
At what stage of life is the range of stressors tolerated best?
Right after early adulthood (mid-late 20s)
List the hypokinetic diseases of aging.
- CVDs (hypertension, atherosclerosis)
- Obesity
- Diabetes (type II)
- Osteoporosis
- Sarcopenia
- Senility
- Some cancers (breast)
Define mortality.
Rate of death, usually in deaths per 100,000 peeps per year
Define morbidity.
Burden or suffering/disability imposed by disease that is hard to quantify –> economic impact
Define incidence.
Rate at which new cases of a disease appear
Define prevalence.
Frequency w/ which a disease is present in a population (%-age, or per 100,000)
Define absolute risk.
- Death rate (usually per 100,000 peeps per year)
- Likelihood that one has or will acquire a disease based on their age, gender, and other risks
Define relative risk.
A multiplier to adjust the background death rate up or down based on specific biological risks or behaviors
What are risk factors?
Conditions that are statistically associated w/ incidence/presence of a disease
Characterize independent risk factors.
- Shows a constant relationship to disease development, regardless of the presence or absence of other co-factors involved
- Often plausible as causal factors in the disease
Define prognosis.
Likely course of events a disease will produce over time
What are “preventable deaths”?
Delay-able deaths that are not biologically unavoidable
Define progression.
Advancement of patho-physiologic process
Define regression.
Reversal of patho-physiologic process
Characterize dependent risk factors.
The connection to the disease depends on other factors
List some dependent risk factors.
- Fam history
- Obesity
- Socio-economic status
Do single bouts of exercise have direct health benefits? Examples?
If they accumulate to the recommended amount
What adaptations to exercise only occur with repeated bouts (training)?
- Increased VO2max
- Protection against chronic diseases and CV events
- Longer life expectancy
- Improved endothelial function
- Decrease in blood lipids
- Decrease in BP
Primary vs. Secondary prevention
- Primary: preventing a person from getting the disease
- Secondary: preventing the disease from progressing once the person has it
What single intervention addresses all the hypokinetic diseases w/ minimal cost of public health care $$?
Physical activity
What % of adults in the U.S. are doing enough physical activity to be healthy?
50%
