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3/4 Visual Communications > 3/4 Exam > Flashcards

3/4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is involved in the developing the Brief stage? (design process stage)

A

Identifying the client, their communication need/s, the purpose of the visual communication, the target audience, the context of the visual communication and any constraints that affect the nature of the solution.

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2
Q

What is involved in the research stage? (design process stage)

A

Collecting ideas, information and resources; conducting interviews making field trips and site visits relevant to the brief, for inspiration, investigation, analysis and interpretation. Students can use observational freehand drawing methods to represent the form, materials and textures of existing objects and/or spaces when recording and annotating these investigations.

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3
Q

What is involved in the Development of concepts stage? (design process stage)

A

Selecting the preferred ideas and applying a range of methods, materials, media, design elements and principles, and presentation formats to create the visual communications that address the brief. Both visualisation and presentation drawing methods are relevant at this stage.

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4
Q

What is involved in the Refinement stage? (Design process stage)

A

Modifying the visual communications in response to feedback and evaluation against the brief

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5
Q

What is involved the Resolution of Presentations stage? (design process stage)

A

Presenting visual communications final presentations that satisfy the brief

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6
Q

Explain intellectual property and copyright

A

There are two different types of copyright:
one requires the registration of original ideas such as patents, trademarks and design.
The other type does not require official registration- they are unregistered rights and are referred to as copyright.
Always need to acknowledge the original source and get permission from the original designer/photographer

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7
Q

What are the drawing methods?

A

Observational
Visualisation
Presentation

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8
Q

What are observational drawings?

A

Require freehand drawing to show the object or structure to represent form, proportion, materials and textures effectively. They can communicate structural detail and function.

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9
Q

What are visualisation drawings?

A

Drawing from imagination supports the generation of ideas. These drawings are in the form of quick freehand sketches aimed at conceptualising and communicating ideas.

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10
Q

What are presentation drawings?

A

Present design concepts and final design solutions. They are refined and finished drawings and may employ either manual or digital media applications.

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11
Q

What are the types of Two-dimensional drawing?

A

Third angle orthogonal drawings
Floor plans and elevations
Packaging Net

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12
Q

What are the types of Three-dimensional drawing?

A

Paraline
Isometric
Planometric
Perspective drawing

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13
Q

Define One-Point Perspective

A

Objects are drawn front on, with receding lines converging to one vanishing point on the horizon

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14
Q

Define Two-Point Perspective

A

Objects are drawing with a corner closest to the viewer and side drawn with receding lines to two vanishing points on the horizon

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15
Q

What are some types of Line, Colour, and Type

A

Line- organic, flowing, jagged, thick, thin
Colour- primary, secondary, warm, cool.
Type- serif, sans serif, freehand, formal, bold, italic, dynamic

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16
Q

What are common constraints on the Brief?

A 
Time, 
Money, 
Context 
Regulations (council)
Method of Production
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17
Q

What are some common types of Specialists

A 
Printer, 
Web Page Designers
Engineer
Photographer
Illustrator
Model Maker
Architect
Interior Designer
Builder
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18
Q

What is the description of a Printer (specialist)?

A

The printer is consulted throughout the design process and mock-ups are created

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19
Q

What is Kerning?

A

The adjustment of space between adjacent type characters to optimise their appearance

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20
Q

What is tracking?

A

The adjustment of space between groups of letters

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21
Q

What is leading?

A

The distance between sentences

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22
Q

What are the most commonly used Methods?

A

Drawing (observation, visualisation, presentation)
Painting
Printing (offset is the main for graphic designers)
Photography
Computer
Collage
3D Process (construction, modelling)

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23
Q

What are the most commonly used Media?

A

Pencil, ink, marker, pastel, crayon, charcoal, acrylic paint, watercolour, gouache, dye, toner, film, digital applications (raster and vector based)

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24
Q

What are the most commonly used Materials?

A

Paper, card, wood, glass, metal, clay, stone, plastic, textile, screen

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25
Q

What are the design elements?

A

Point, line, shape, form, tone, texture, colour, type

PLSCFTTT

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26
Q

What are the Design principles?

A

Figure-ground, balance, contrast, cropping, hierarchy, scale, proportion, pattern

(FBSHCCPP)

27
Q

What are the final presentations?

A

Logo, signage, poster, billboard, map etc.

28
Q

Purpose: Advertise, Define.

A

Used for the presentation of a product or service, suggests a commercial outcome such as the sale of a product

29
Q

Purpose: Promote

A

Used in reference to an event, organisation or something intangible, such as a belief or philosophy.

30
Q

Purpose: Depict

A

Used when the presentation or illustration of visual communication is the primary concern. There may be no agenda or message other than the visual details of the visual communication itself.

31
Q

Purpose: Guide

A

Used to establish and identify a location or area.

32
Q

Purpose: Teach

A

Used when the outcome of viewing or applying the visual communication is one of learning.

33
Q

Purpose: Inform

A

Used when conveying information that is pertinent to a specific audience and leads to understanding of an event, concept or opinion.

34
Q

Purpose: Explain

A

Used when visually describing a process, event or system.

35
Q

Name some examples of audience characteristics.

A

Age, gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity, geographical, religion, marital status, type of employment, level of education, interests

36
Q

Name the 6 purposes

A

To inform, to educate, to advertise, to promote, to guide, to depict

37
Q

What are some rendering techniques?

A

Depict direction of light, shade and shadow. Representing surfaces, materials, texture and form

38
Q

What are some technical drawing conventions related to presentation drawings?

A

Layout, dimensions, labels, symbols, lines, scale

39
Q

Methods of drawing to scale using conventional ratios

A
  • 1:50, 1:100 or 1:25 (environmental)

- 1:1, 2:1, 1:5 or 1:10 (industrial)

40
Q

What is the difference between a font and a typeface?

A

Fonts: A font is the one size, weight and width of a typeface; for example, Arial Narrow 11pt, or roman, bold or italic.

Typefaces: A typeface is an overall style or visual style or visual appearance; for example Helvetica or Times New Roman.

41
Q

What purposes does a serif typeface suit?

A

Easier to read off-screen and therefore used commonly print. Useful for conveying warmth, personal, traditional and conservative emotions.

42
Q

What purposes does a sans serif typeface suit?

A

These are easy to read on-screen and are commonly used in headlines for newspapers and magazines, and in website text. San serif typefaces can be useful for conveying something technical, cool, clean, youthful and modern.

43
Q

What purposes does a script typeface suit?

A

Designed to look like handwriting, they are useful for display texts but can be difficult to read in large amounts. Can be useful to suggest something personal, artistic and old-fashioned.

44
Q

What purposes does a display typeface suit?

A

These vary in style and personality. Depending on the font, they can be difficult to read in large amounts; however, you can find one that will suit your purpose. They are commonly used for logos, headings and posters.

45
Q

What are the 6 stages of the design process?

A
  1. Development of the brief.
  2. Research
  3. Generation of Ideas
  4. Development of concepts
  5. Refinement
  6. Resolution of presentations
46
Q

What is the context of a visual communication?

A

The context of a visual communication design refers to the setting of the communication, or where it can be found. It also refers to the type of visual communication it is. Is it a poster from a theatre or a bus stop? The context helps you to identify who the audience for the visual is, because it tells you where and how the visual is to be viewed. The context impacts scale, use of materials and choice of method.

47
Q

What are the three design fields?

A

Communication, Environmental and Industrial

48
Q

What are some types of communication design? What are some distinguishing characteristics of this field?

A

Graphic design, information design, digital and web design, advertising, print publication/ book illustration and typographic design, package/surface design, logo design and brand identity.

Distinguishing characteristics of this field may include: specific use of type conventions, layouts and use of grids and packaging (nets and surface graphics), print and digital applications and presentation formats.

49
Q

What are examples of environmental design? And what drawing methods are used?

A

Architectural design, interior design, landscape design, set design and exhibition/display design.

Distinguishing characteristics of this field may include: three-dimensional drawing methods (planometric and perspective) and two-dimensional drawing methods (floor plans and elevations).

50
Q

What are examples of Industrial design? And what drawing methods and conventions are used?

A

Product design and furniture design.

Distinguishing characteristics of this field may include: manual and digital three-dimensional drawing methods (isometric and perspective) and two-dimensional drawing methods (third-angle orthogonal drawing). Use of specific conventions including line styles and dimensioning.

51
Q

What is the difference between creative thinking, critical thinking and reflective thinking?

A

Creative thinking requires a curious, open-minded, flexible, divergent, explorative, investigative approach.
Critical thinking requires questioning, clarifying, planning, analysing, examining and testing information and ideas.
Reflective thinking requires a metacognitive approach, seeking and considering feedback, reflecting on progress and processes, making links and connections with broader issues and the work of others.

52
Q

What are some methods used to attract attention of target audience?

A

Humour, specific locations, emotive imagery, use of design elements and design principles

53
Q

What are some evaluation techniques employed by designers throughout the design and production of visual communications?

A

Pitch, surveys, feedback, mockups, meetings with team/client, design analysis tools

54
Q

What are some factors that influence design?

A

Social, cultural, ethical, legal, financial and environmental

55
Q

What are some copyright and legal obligations graphic designers need to fulfil?

A

Purchasing the legal right to use a specific typeface if from a type foundry, using resources such as photo stock companies and appropriately applying their guidelines and acknowledging all borrowed imagery

56
Q

The roles of specialists

A

Specialists may:

  • Work within a large design firm or studio (eg. an illustrator)
  • Accept contract work or work freelance
  • May have limited or no involvement with the client
  • Work with the designer and may have some involvement with the client. For example, a designer may set up a meeting with the printer and the client to discuss the project.
57
Q

What is the role of the brief?

A

It is important in documenting the client’s needs and will. It should:

  • Identify the client and their communication needs
  • State the purpose of the visual communication/s
  • Discuss the audience’s demographics
  • Set parameters
  • Discuss what the constraints and expectations are for the project (e.g. timeline, costs, social and cultural factors, ethical and legal obligations, sustainability)
  • Propose possible contexts and presentation formats for each visual communication
58
Q

Design process: research

What are some research techniques?

A
  • Research specific to target audience
  • Research of similar designs that have similar purposes
  • Research of materials and media
  • Research of design elements/principles/media and layouts that inspire you
  • Research of historical and contemporary design and local and international design trends
  • Primary and secondary resources
  • Observational drawing
59
Q

Design process: The brief

What should a brief contain?

A
  • Client
  • Audience
  • Client need
  • Purpose
  • Context
  • Expectations and constraints
  • Proposed presentation format
60
Q

Design process: Generation of ideas

What should it include?

A
  • Brainstorming
  • Visualisation drawings, sketches and annotations
  • Creative thinking strategies, such as SCAMPER or Forced Associations
61
Q

Design process: Development and refinement of concepts. What is involved?

A
  • Selection of a minimum of two ideas to develop as concepts
  • Use a minimum of two methods and a variety of media and materials
  • Use both manual and digital methods and a variety of design elements and principles
  • Devising and presenting a pitch to gain feedback
  • Evaluating feedback
  • In refinement, the priorities should be technical skill, visual effectiveness and designs that fulfil the needs of a client and the design brief.
  • Creation of mock-ups
62
Q

What are some critical design thinking strategies?

A
  • Timelines
  • Regularly checking progress against brief
  • Self-reflections
  • De Bono’s thinking hats
  • POOCH(J)
  • PMI
  • RED
63
Q

What are some reflective thinking strategies?

A
  • Collecting feedback or survey data, and evaluating it
  • SWOT
  • Decision matrix

3/4 Visual Communications (2 decks)

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