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Spring '14-143 (Exam 2) > 3/4/14-Pacific Island Language and Culture > Flashcards

3/4/14-Pacific Island Language and Culture Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of Pacific Islanders, who has the largest population, 2nd, 3rd?

A
  1. Hawaiians
  2. Samoans
  3. Chamorros (Guam)
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2
Q

In the U.S., the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander group has grown between 1990-2000, what percentage of growth has occurred in terms of race alone?

A

9.3% growth

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3
Q

In the U.S., the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander group has grown between 1990-2000, what percentage of growth has occurred in terms of race alone or in combination?

A

139.5%

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4
Q

What % of U.S. population comprises the AAPI population?

A

4%

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5
Q

According to Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P. (2011), currently how many Pacific Islanders live in the U.S?

A

846,000

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6
Q

Unfortunately, some pacific islanders experience _______ in the U.S.

A

Abject poverty

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7
Q

What is extremely important to Pacific Islanders in terms of cultural customs and courtesies?

A
  • hospitality, generosity, and sharing are very important

- attitudes toward life are relaxed

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8
Q

How are things done in terms of Education for Pacific Islanders?

A
  • Based on oral learning
  • rote memorization; children are taught to conform, not be individualistic and creative
  • things are done in groups, not individually
  • resources like books are challenging to come by
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9
Q

What is it like in the Fijiian village of Natawadawadi?

A
  • No electricity or running water
  • children swim to school
  • in junior high, they must go to boarding school in the capital, Nadi
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10
Q

What is education like in the Pacific Islands?

A
  • Educational style in the islands is very relaxed

- Some Guam schools closed because of high school teacher absenteeism

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11
Q

What did Dr. R’s Former student Denise say about teachers in the Pacific Islands?

A

teachers came in if they felt like it, and asked “What would you like to do today?”

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12
Q

When Pacific Islanders come to the U.S, how is their experience in terms of school/work?

A
  • School in the U.S. is a major adjustment
  • high drop out rate of Islander students in the U.S.
  • Earning higher degrees is of low priority
  • Children should go to work ASAP
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13
Q

What do statistics show in terms of graduate or professional degrees of the U.S population compared to Pacific Islanders?

A

10.6% of the U.S. population compared to only 4.3% of Pacific Islanders have this type of degree

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14
Q

What is pacific island family life like?

A
  • extended families are common
  • child care is provided by multiple caretakers
  • heavy emphasis on authority and respect
  • emphasis on well-being of family, not of individual rights
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15
Q

In samoa, although families look poor, what is their life like?

A
  • families look poor to outsiders, but no homelessness! Everyone is provided for
  • there is no word for “person” –you’re part of the whole group
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16
Q

What did Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P. (2011) say about Samoan’s priorities?

A

-Samoans often take extended family and church more seriously than $$, school, and career

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17
Q

What type of societies are some of the cultures of the Pacific Islanders (i.e.: Chamorros of Guam)?

A

Matriarchal

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18
Q

Is physical punishment common in Samoa

A

YES!

19
Q

What may occur in terms of marriages in some islander cultures?

A

domestic violence

20
Q

When parents discipline children in ways that conflict with U.S. laws, what may we do?

A

work with local community and local churches to intervene in culturally appropriate ways

21
Q

Where do we report child abuse if we suspect it?

A

Child Action, Inc.

22
Q

In terms of healthcare and disabilities, what may many Pacific Islanders experience?

A
  • lots of OME (otitis media with effusion)
  • child may be exposed to mercury from seafood–may experience lower IQs, cognitive, and linguistic problems
  • in Samoa, intolerance for disabilities
  • However, Chamorros of Guam view a disability as a gift from God
  • Hawaii–disabilities have spiritual causes
  • Sickness/disability–may call on faith healers or practitioners of folk medicine
  • Guam–Suruhano or faith healers who are highly respected
  • Hawaiians have traditionally relied on Kahuna Lapa’au or “medical experts” who use prayers, massage, and herbs
  • when people rely on faith healers, SLPs may be viewed as unimportant
23
Q

What does the ASHA Leader article say in terms of healthcare in the Pacific Islands?

A
  • in Guam and the Virgin Islands, shortage of SLPs, especially in hospitals
  • Many individuals are denied services because of 1)lack of practitioners, and 2) Stigma—Special needs
24
Q

What are major risk factors for Pacific Islanders

A

hypertension

high cholesterol

25
Q

What percentage of API’s have high cholesterol?

A

almost 30%

26
Q

What are the communication styles like for many pacific islanders?

A
  • in order to not offend, many islanders will say what they think the listener wants to hear
  • child’s primary experiences in interacting are with other child, not adults
  • in “talk story,” children listen to elders talk about days of old
27
Q

There was research done by Schieffelin Ochs where they compared American and Samoan mothers, what did they find?

A
  • Samoan children were expected to accommodate to adults; US adults accommodate to children
  • U.S. mothers speak “motherese” but Samoan mothers don’t simplify their register for young children
28
Q

How may indigenous languages are spoken in the Pacific Islands?

A

over 1200 indigenous langauges!

29
Q

What is language influenced by in the Pacific Islands?

A

culture

30
Q

What language family do the Pacific Island languages fall within?

A

Austronesian Language

31
Q

How is the apostrophe in a word pronounced in API languages?

A

as a glottal stop

for example: Hawai’i, Tau’ili’ili

32
Q

What do some children who speak Hawaiian Creole and English do, and what should we do to help?

A

-Some children pidgin in English/Hawaiian Creole and need support in acquiring formal English

33
Q

What are implications for SLPs when working with Pacific Islanders?

A
  • we must fully explain paperwork requiring signatures
  • be careful about requesting parents to come to school
  • use a collective rather than individual storytelling method
  • Identify and explain the pragmatic rules in mainstream U.S. culture–like greeting, complimenting, leave-taking, etc.
  • reinforce literacy
  • provide cooperative (not competitive) learning opportunities
34
Q

How many indigenous languages are spoken in the pacific islands? and what are the major languages?

A

More than 1300 indigenous languages

  • Fijian
  • Hawaiian
  • Samoan
  • Tahitian
  • Chamorro
  • Carolinian
  • Korean
  • Palauan
  • Marshallese
  • Papua New Guinean
  • Yapese
  • Trukese
  • Pompean
35
Q

T/F

Most pacific island languages are mutually intelligible

A

FALSE

Mutually UNintelligible

36
Q

What are the three major languages spoken in many areas of Micronesia?

A

English, Chamorro, and Carolinian

37
Q

T/F

Samoas schools are bilingual

A

TRUE

38
Q

What are the 3 main areas of the Pacific Islands?

A

1) Melanesia
2) Micronesia
3) Polynesia

39
Q

In some Pacific Island cultures (Samoan & Hawaiian) what may there be a strong emphasis on?

A

Oral Traditions

40
Q

Although many Pacific Islanders understand English, what may they speak?

A

Pidgin English

41
Q

In the writing systems of languages spoken in the Pacific Islands, what are letters for vowels represented as?

A

One sound only

42
Q

What does the apostrophe in pacific island languages pronounced as?

A

a glottal stop

43
Q

In general consonants are identical or close approximations to their English equivalents for most Pacific Island speakers, give an example of this

A

In samoa the /g/ sound is always pronounced as /ng/ (e.g., PagoPago is pronounced PangoPango)

Spring '14-143 (Exam 2) (4 decks)

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