3 & 4 Flashcards
Is chemical energy potential or kinetic ?
It’s a form of potential energy
Define Metabolism
Chemical process required for the functioning of organs inside a body such as breathing, digestion, repairing of cells, and intense physical activity
Catabolism vs Anabolism
Anabolism = growth
Catabolism = breakdown
ATP cycle
First releases energy and than requires energy
Properties of enzymes
They are catalysts and lower the activation energy for reactions
How can you identify an enzyme in a word
It ends in -ase
Define Cofactors
Inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reaction
Define Coenzymes
Non-protein organic molecules that help proteins function appropriately
3 types of lipids that make up the plasma membrane
phospholipids
cholesterol
glycolipids
Active transport vs Passive
Active moves molecules and ions from lower concentration to higher with ATP
Passive moves ions and molecules from higher to lower concentration without ATP
Simple vs Facilitated diffusion
In Simple molecules can only pass in the direction of the concentrated gradient
In Facilitated they can pass in any direction
Define osmosis
water moves from areas of low concentration of solute to areas in high concentration
Compare and Contrast Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic
Hypo- lower concentration of fluid than blood
Hyper- Higher concentration of fluid
Isotonic- Similar concentration
Contrast Phagocytosis, Exocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Endocytosis
Phago- targets large structures
Pino- non specific
Exo- secretion of large molecules
Endo- specific for substances recognized by a receptor
Relationship between DNA, Chromatin, Genes
Chromatin contains DNA and controls the gene expression
Mitosis vs Miosis
Mitosis is when cells divide and it creates 2 identical diploid cells
Meiosis is when gametes are produced and it created 4 non identical diploid cells
What happens in prophase ?
First phase in cell cycle and chromosomes shorten and thicken
What happens in Metaphase ?
Second phase and chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
What happens in Anaphase ?
Third phase and Chromatids break apart to move to polar opposites
What happens in Telophase ?
Last phase and two nuclei form
3 most important molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
What happens in a chemical reaction
Chemical bonds are broken between reactant molecules and new bonds are formed between atoms
Explain ATP cycling
when a phosphate is removed ATP becomes ADP
when a phosphate is added ADP turns into ATP
What are enzymes made of ?
Amino acids linked together
