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A&P Exam 1 > 3 & 4 > Flashcards

3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Is chemical energy potential or kinetic ?

A

It’s a form of potential energy

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2
Q

Define Metabolism

A

Chemical process required for the functioning of organs inside a body such as breathing, digestion, repairing of cells, and intense physical activity

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3
Q

Catabolism vs Anabolism

A

Anabolism = growth
Catabolism = breakdown

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4
Q

ATP cycle

A

First releases energy and than requires energy

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5
Q

Properties of enzymes

A

They are catalysts and lower the activation energy for reactions

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6
Q

How can you identify an enzyme in a word

A

It ends in -ase

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7
Q

Define Cofactors

A

Inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reaction

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8
Q

Define Coenzymes

A

Non-protein organic molecules that help proteins function appropriately

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9
Q

3 types of lipids that make up the plasma membrane

A

phospholipids
cholesterol
glycolipids

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10
Q

Active transport vs Passive

A

Active moves molecules and ions from lower concentration to higher with ATP

Passive moves ions and molecules from higher to lower concentration without ATP

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11
Q

Simple vs Facilitated diffusion

A

In Simple molecules can only pass in the direction of the concentrated gradient
In Facilitated they can pass in any direction

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12
Q

Define osmosis

A

water moves from areas of low concentration of solute to areas in high concentration

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13
Q

Compare and Contrast Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic

A

Hypo- lower concentration of fluid than blood
Hyper- Higher concentration of fluid
Isotonic- Similar concentration

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14
Q

Contrast Phagocytosis, Exocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Endocytosis

A

Phago- targets large structures
Pino- non specific
Exo- secretion of large molecules
Endo- specific for substances recognized by a receptor

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15
Q

Relationship between DNA, Chromatin, Genes

A

Chromatin contains DNA and controls the gene expression

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16
Q

Mitosis vs Miosis

A

Mitosis is when cells divide and it creates 2 identical diploid cells
Meiosis is when gametes are produced and it created 4 non identical diploid cells

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17
Q

What happens in prophase ?

A

First phase in cell cycle and chromosomes shorten and thicken

18
Q

What happens in Metaphase ?

A

Second phase and chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

19
Q

What happens in Anaphase ?

A

Third phase and Chromatids break apart to move to polar opposites

20
Q

What happens in Telophase ?

A

Last phase and two nuclei form

21
Q

3 most important molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

22
Q

What happens in a chemical reaction

A

Chemical bonds are broken between reactant molecules and new bonds are formed between atoms

23
Q

Explain ATP cycling

A

when a phosphate is removed ATP becomes ADP
when a phosphate is added ADP turns into ATP

24
Q

What are enzymes made of ?

A

Amino acids linked together

25
Q

How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction?

A

By grabbing on to one or more reactant molecules

26
Q

3 main parts of a cell

A

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

27
Q

Cytosol vs Cytoplasm

A

Cytoplasm is contained within the entire cell membrane
Cytosol is not held by any organelles in the cell

28
Q

Functions cells must perform

A

Provide structure
Take in nutrients
Convert energy
Carry specialized functions

29
Q

What do lipids do in the plasma membrane

A

Contribute tension
Rigidity
Overall shape

30
Q

Integral vs Peripheral plasma membrane

A

integral split the cell membrane
peripheral attach to the surface

31
Q

Define Osmotic pressure

A

minimum pressure needed to be applied to a solution to prevent the flow of water

32
Q

Define Tonicity

A

The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell

33
Q

How does tonicity affect osmosis

A

It can cause osmosis

34
Q

Membrane bound vs Non membrane Organelles

A

Non membrane bound organelles are not filled with fluid or enclosed by a membrane so they include cillia, cytoskeletons, ribosomes, etc

35
Q

Compare Cillia, Flagella, and Microvilli

A

Cilia transports substances
Flagella can move the entire cell
Microvilli increases the surface area of the cell to enhance absorption and secretion

36
Q

Nuclear envelope vs Nucleolus

A

The nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin (middle)
The nuclear envelope is the boundary of the nucleus

37
Q

Differences between
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

A

mRNA provided a template for coding
tRNA transports amino acids
rRNA forms ribosomes

38
Q

Why is DNA considered the control center

A

It controls all cells activity

39
Q

Codon vs Anticodon

A

Anticodons base pair with the codon during translation

40
Q

Why is apoptosis necessary ?

A

to get rid of body cells that are damaged beyond repair

A&P Exam 1 (3 decks)

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