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A&P Exam 1 > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

Top 6 elements in the body

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Carbon
  3. Hydrogen
  4. Nitrogen
  5. Calcium
  6. Phosphorus
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2
Q

Protons Charge and Mass contribution

A

Positive
+1 Mass

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3
Q

Neutrons Charge and Mass contribution

A

None
1 Mass

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4
Q

Electrons Charge and Mass contribution

A

Negative
0 mass

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5
Q

Distinguish Atomic Mass and Atomic number

A

Atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element
Atomic number is just the number of protons in the nucleus of an element

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6
Q

Isotopes and their level

A

Atoms that have the same number of protons but not the same number of neutrons
-Atomic level

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7
Q

Ion and it’s level

A

Charger atom that has gained or lost valence electrons
Uneven protons and electrons
-Both atomic and molecular level

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8
Q

Isomers and their level

A

Compounds that contain exactly the same level of atoms
-molecular level

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9
Q

What is electro negativity

A

The measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons

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10
Q

What are valence electrons

A

The electrons in the outermost shell it energy level of an atom

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11
Q

Which elements in the periodic table are likely to form cations or anions

A

Halogens and alkaline metals

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12
Q

What is a polar molecule ?

A

A neutral/ uncharged molecule

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13
Q

What is Cohesion

A

The attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind

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14
Q

What is adhesion

A

The attraction of molecules for other molecules of a different kind

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15
Q

What does amphipatic mean

A

Both polar and non polar

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16
Q

What are the pH ranges ?

A

0-6 Base
7 Neutral
8-14 Acidic

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17
Q

What happens when there’s more hydrogen in a solution ?

A

It becomes less acidic

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18
Q

Differences between dehydration and Hydrolysis

A

Dehydration synthesis builds up molecules and requires energy
Hydrolysis breaks down molecules and released energy

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19
Q

DNA vs RNA

A

Dna is double stranded and has deoxyribose
Rna is single stranded and had ribose

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20
Q

Protons and chemical symbols for Iron

A

26
Fe

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21
Q

Neutrons and chemical symbol for Calcium

A

20
Ca

22
Q

Define matter and it’s 3 forms

A

Anything that takes up space
-Solid, liquid, gas

23
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

24
Q

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table

A

They are listing in order of increasing atomic number

25
Q

Structure of an atom

A

Neutrons and Protons inside of the nucleus
Electrons are in the orbit

26
Q

How are elements organized in the period table based on valence electrons ?

A

The number of valence electrons is the same within a column and increases from left to right

27
Q

Whats the octet rule ?

A

(atoms are more stable when their valence electrons are filled with 8 electrons )

28
Q

Differentiate Cations and Anions

A

Cations are ions positively charged
Anions are ions negatively charged

29
Q

How are ions formed ?

A

they must gain or lose an electron

30
Q

How are charges assigned to atoms

A

Number of Protons - number of electrons = charge on ion

31
Q

Properties of water

A

Solvent
Polar
Both cohesive and adhesive

32
Q

Differences between solvent, solute, and solution

A

A solution is a mix of a solute dissolved into a solvent
A solute is the substance being dissolved
A solvent is able to dissolve other substances

33
Q

Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes

A

Electrolytes- compounds that conduct an electric current when in a solution or melted
Non electrolytes don’t conduct currents

34
Q

Interactions of non polar substances

A

No polar molecules don’t interact with water or form hydration shells
Example- fats and oils

35
Q

Are hydrophobic molecules polar or non polar

A

non polar

36
Q

Whats the pH of blood ?

A

7.4

37
Q

Neutralization vs Buffering

A

The pH changes during neutralization while it remains the same after adding a buffer solution

38
Q

How do buffers function to help maintain pH

A

They neutralize any added acid

39
Q

Define polymer

A

Any substance composed of several macromolecules

40
Q

Biological Macromolecules

A

Form through the process of polymerization and are generally polymers together in a long chain

41
Q

Properties of Carbohydrates

A

-Hydrophilic
-Monosaccharides
-For energy

42
Q

Properties of Lipids

A

-Hydrophobic
-No monomer
-For energy

43
Q

Properties of Nucleic Acid

A

-Hydrophilic
-Nucleotide
- Needed for Dna replication, transcription, translation

44
Q

Properties of Proteins

A

-Hydrophilic
-Amino Acids
- Defend, transport, help osmosis

45
Q

Overall Reaction for Cellular Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O +ATP

46
Q

Levels of proteins

A

1 Amino Acids
2 Helix
3 Polypeptide chain/ tertiary structure
4 Quartenary structure

47
Q

Denaturation and it’s factors

A

The unfolding or breaking of a protein
Can be caused by exposure to acids, bases, heating, and violent physical action

48
Q

DNA Replication properties

A
  • Makes more Dna
  • Needs deoxyribose nucleotides
  • Involves polymerase
  • Happens in nucleus
49
Q

Transcription properties

A

-Makes DNA into mRNA
- Involves RNA Polymerase
-Uses Ribonucleotides
- Happens in nucleus

50
Q

Translation properties

A

-Turns mRNA into protein
-Involves Ribosomes
- Happens in the cytosol of a ribosome

A&P Exam 1 (3 decks)

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