2 Flashcards
Top 6 elements in the body
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
Protons Charge and Mass contribution
Positive
+1 Mass
Neutrons Charge and Mass contribution
None
1 Mass
Electrons Charge and Mass contribution
Negative
0 mass
Distinguish Atomic Mass and Atomic number
Atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element
Atomic number is just the number of protons in the nucleus of an element
Isotopes and their level
Atoms that have the same number of protons but not the same number of neutrons
-Atomic level
Ion and it’s level
Charger atom that has gained or lost valence electrons
Uneven protons and electrons
-Both atomic and molecular level
Isomers and their level
Compounds that contain exactly the same level of atoms
-molecular level
What is electro negativity
The measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons
What are valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost shell it energy level of an atom
Which elements in the periodic table are likely to form cations or anions
Halogens and alkaline metals
What is a polar molecule ?
A neutral/ uncharged molecule
What is Cohesion
The attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind
What is adhesion
The attraction of molecules for other molecules of a different kind
What does amphipatic mean
Both polar and non polar
What are the pH ranges ?
0-6 Base
7 Neutral
8-14 Acidic
What happens when there’s more hydrogen in a solution ?
It becomes less acidic
Differences between dehydration and Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis builds up molecules and requires energy
Hydrolysis breaks down molecules and released energy
DNA vs RNA
Dna is double stranded and has deoxyribose
Rna is single stranded and had ribose
Protons and chemical symbols for Iron
26
Fe
Neutrons and chemical symbol for Calcium
20
Ca
Define matter and it’s 3 forms
Anything that takes up space
-Solid, liquid, gas
What are the 3 subatomic particles
Protons, neutrons, electrons
How are the elements arranged in the periodic table
They are listing in order of increasing atomic number
Structure of an atom
Neutrons and Protons inside of the nucleus
Electrons are in the orbit
How are elements organized in the period table based on valence electrons ?
The number of valence electrons is the same within a column and increases from left to right
Whats the octet rule ?
(atoms are more stable when their valence electrons are filled with 8 electrons )
Differentiate Cations and Anions
Cations are ions positively charged
Anions are ions negatively charged
How are ions formed ?
they must gain or lose an electron
How are charges assigned to atoms
Number of Protons - number of electrons = charge on ion
Properties of water
Solvent
Polar
Both cohesive and adhesive
Differences between solvent, solute, and solution
A solution is a mix of a solute dissolved into a solvent
A solute is the substance being dissolved
A solvent is able to dissolve other substances
Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes
Electrolytes- compounds that conduct an electric current when in a solution or melted
Non electrolytes don’t conduct currents
Interactions of non polar substances
No polar molecules don’t interact with water or form hydration shells
Example- fats and oils
Are hydrophobic molecules polar or non polar
non polar
Whats the pH of blood ?
7.4
Neutralization vs Buffering
The pH changes during neutralization while it remains the same after adding a buffer solution
How do buffers function to help maintain pH
They neutralize any added acid
Define polymer
Any substance composed of several macromolecules
Biological Macromolecules
Form through the process of polymerization and are generally polymers together in a long chain
Properties of Carbohydrates
-Hydrophilic
-Monosaccharides
-For energy
Properties of Lipids
-Hydrophobic
-No monomer
-For energy
Properties of Nucleic Acid
-Hydrophilic
-Nucleotide
- Needed for Dna replication, transcription, translation
Properties of Proteins
-Hydrophilic
-Amino Acids
- Defend, transport, help osmosis
Overall Reaction for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O +ATP
Levels of proteins
1 Amino Acids
2 Helix
3 Polypeptide chain/ tertiary structure
4 Quartenary structure
Denaturation and it’s factors
The unfolding or breaking of a protein
Can be caused by exposure to acids, bases, heating, and violent physical action
DNA Replication properties
- Makes more Dna
- Needs deoxyribose nucleotides
- Involves polymerase
- Happens in nucleus
Transcription properties
-Makes DNA into mRNA
- Involves RNA Polymerase
-Uses Ribonucleotides
- Happens in nucleus
Translation properties
-Turns mRNA into protein
-Involves Ribosomes
- Happens in the cytosol of a ribosome
