3 Flashcards
- A generic military term referring to the assembly of a projectile, propellant, primer, and cartridge case.
AMMUNITION OR CARTRIDGE
is defined as a case capsule, shell or bag of metal, pasteboard, of the like, containing the explosives charge and in small arms and some cannon, the projectile to be fired.
CARTRIDGE
–is the whole thing including bullet, cartridge case, gunpowder and primer
AMMUNITION
–naka-house lahat dito like gunpowder, bullet, primer
CARTRIDGE
–another part of ammunition
CARTRIDGE
The term ammunition was derived through what word
French from the Latin
“MUNIRE” which means TO PROVIDE.
the term cartridge may have been derived from the
Latin word “CHARTA” meaning PAPER, or
from the French word “CARTOUCHE” meaning a ROLL OF PAPER.
-refers to any loaded shell for rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, and pistols from which a bullet, ball, shot, shell or other missiles maybe fired by means of gunpowder or other explosives.
Legal Definition
AMMUNITION OR CARTRIDGE
includes ammunition for air rifles.
Legal Definition
AMMUNITION OR CARTRIDGE
-is used to describe a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet, cartridge case, propellant (gun powder), and primer.
Technical Definition
AMMUNITION OR CARTRIDGE
refers to a “FILE OF ASSEMBLED CARTRIDGES” in bulks as in boxes
AMMUNITION
refers to a “SINGLE CARTRIDGE”
ROUND
are commonly referred to as “SHELL” OR “SHOTSHELL”,
SHOTGUN CARTRIDGES
is referred to as “METALLICS” OR “CATRIDGES”
RIFLE AMMUNITION
(such as artillery) is called “SHELL”
LARGE CALIBER GUNS CARTRIDGES
when an investigator uses a term _______ he invariably refers to revolver, pistol or rifle cartridges.
“CARTRIDGE”
The cartridge evolved about the turn of the
SIXTEENTH CENTURY
In year ____, the first cartridge was invented by KING GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS OF SWEDEN
1635
In year 1635, the first cartridge was invented by
KING GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS OF SWEDEN
These were simple packages, which he furnished to his troops, during the 30 years’ war. Who is he?
KING GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS OF SWEDEN
KING GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS OF SWEDEN ay no need for _____ naka-pressure ang gunpowder at bullet mismo
scouring stick
In ____, BENJAMIN HOULLIER invented another cartridge
1846
invented paper cartridge
BENJAMIN HOULLIER
In 1846, BENJAMIN HOULLIER invented another cartridge. Original cartridges were not the brass gilding - metal tipped units, but a
PAPER CARTRIDGE.
The middle of the nineteenth century _______, a French gunsmith invented the 1st pin fire catridge and pin fire gun
CASIMIR LEFAUCHEUX
came also from FRANCE developed one of the earliest cartridges
LOUISE NICOLAS A. FLOBERT
became the forerunner of American Rim fire ammunition.
FLOBERT CARTRIDGES
CASIMIR LEFAUCHEUX invention is for
muskets only
The standard ammunition for modern small arms is majority cased in a
center - fire cartridge
Standard cartridge has four major components:
- BULLET
- CARTRIDGE CASE
- PROPELLANT
- PRIMER
-also called SLUG,
BULLET
-this is the projectile propelled from a firearm by means of the expansive force of gases coming from burning gunpowder.
BULLET
- Also called SHELL
CARTRIDGE CASE
-this is the tubular metallic container for the gunpowder.
CARTRIDGE CASE
- this is the powder charge intended to be burned thus generating an energy that will launch the bullet.
PROPELLANT
- this is composed of the metal cup and priming mixture which is highly sensitive.
PRIMER
- also called PERCUSSION
PRIMER
-Striking the ____ cup produces a spark that ignites the priming mixture which eventually caused the combustion of gunpowder.
PRIMER
GENERAL TYPES OF AMMUNITION
DUMMY,
DRILL AMMO,
BLANK AMMO, AND
LIVE AMMO.
- This a carefully made replica of a cartridge, usually made of steel and discreetly dimensioned to be used by weapons instructors, inspectors and repairmen when checking if weapons are functional.
DUMMY AMMO/ AMMUNITION
–fake ammunition
DUMMY AMMO/ AMMUNITION
–usually bright colors
DUMMY AMMO/ AMMUNITION
–for training, education purposes, safety demonstration and how to handle ammunition
DUMMY AMMO/ AMMUNITION
-It is used in military training to practice loading and manipulation of firearms.
DRILL AMMO
- This type of ammunition is completely inert and without an explosive propellant.
DRILL AMMO
has no gunpowder and propellant
INERT CARTRIDGES
INERT CARTRIDGES has no gunpowder and propellant
DRILL AMMO
- This is a ammo without a bullet.
BLANK AMMO
-this ammo contain gunpowder and priming mixture thus designed to produce gunshot to indicate firing.
BLANK AMMO
-This is used for theatrical performance and military training.
BLANK AMMO
–used in RAATI, for gunshot ammunition
BLANK AMMO
–existing ang gunpowder and primer pero walang bullet na lumalabas like andun yung tunog ng gunshot, muzzle flash and smoke
BLANK AMMO
–ginagamit sa 21 gun
BLANK AMMO
- This is the real ammunition since it is composed of a complete unit of unfired cartridge.
LIVE AMMO
TYPES OF AMMUNITION ACCORDING TO COMMON TYPES OF FIREARMS
- REVOLVER AMMO/AMMUNITION
- PISTOL AMMO/AMMUNITION
- ASSAULT RIFLE OR HUNTING RIFLE AMMO/AMMUNITION
- SHOT SHELL OR SHOTGUN AMMO/AMMUNITION
- CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
- this ammunition is designed for revolvers;
REVOLVER AMMO/AMMUNITION
-this type of ammunition has a rimmed base and a straight case which allows the bullet to be rammed the chamber of the revolving cylinder.
REVOLVER AMMO/AMMUNITION
-The rim is designed to limit the forward travel of the cartridge straight inside the chamber.
REVOLVER AMMO/AMMUNITION
-This ammo case is traditionally made of brass.
REVOLVER AMMO/AMMUNITION
–may ejector pero walang extractor kaya yung cartridge ay napupunta lang sa loob ng cylinder
REVOLVER AMMO/AMMUNITION
–walang nag-wiwidraw sa cartridge case unlike sa pistol
REVOLVER AMMO/AMMUNITION
- this ammo is designed for pistols, carbines and most submachine guns, this type of ammunition has extractor’s groove instead of a rimmed base.
PISTOL AMMO/AMMUNITION
this type of ammunition has extractor’s groove instead of a rimmed base.
PISTOL AMMO/AMMUNITION
-The groove allows easier loading and extracting before and after firing the cartridge.
PISTOL AMMO/AMMUNITION
this type of ammo has a bottle-neck Shape.
ASSAULT RIFLE OR HUNTING RIFLE AMMO/AMMUNITION
-It has longer case for large powder capacity and increased power.
ASSAULT RIFLE OR HUNTING RIFLE AMMO/AMMUNITION
- This type of ammunition is for shotguns.
SHOT SHELL OR SHOTGUN AMMO/AMMUNITION
ASSAULT RIFLE OR HUNTING RIFLE AMMO/AMMUNITION is for what ammunition
HALLOW POINT
- The case of this ammunition is generally made of plastic with a metallic base.
SHOT SHELL OR SHOTGUN AMMO/AMMUNITION
-this ammo usually contains several pellets, although special types of this ammo may be loaded with single slugs.
SHOT SHELL OR SHOTGUN AMMO/AMMUNITION
- This is a special type of ammo.
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
-The gunpowder serves as casing of the bullet.
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
-The entire cartridge is coated with varnish or similar material to protect it from moisture and moderate shocks.
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
-Case-less ammo can be used in
handguns and rifles.
- this ammo advantage lays essentially its small weight and optimized volume.
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
-It is more sensitive to moisture and shocks compared to cased ammo.
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
-this type of ammo cannot be adapted for use in revolvers because the chamber of the cylinder of the revolver is smooth from side to side and it’s the case that holds the round.
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
–this kind of ammunition has no cartridge case
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
–this ammo is mas lighter kesa sa may cartridge case
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
–may potential ito dahil mawawala case or hindi mo alam saan mapupunta yung cartridge, bullet lang ang madidispose
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
–gunpowder, ammunition and bullet is inculcate in one component so nasa isang buong block siya
CASE-LESS AMMO/AMMUNITION
CLASSIFICATION OF CARTRIDGE ACCORDING TO RIM
- RIMMED CARTRIDGE
- SEMI - RIMMED CARTRIDGE
- RIMLESS CARTRIDGE
- REBATED CARTRIDGE
- BELTED CARTRIDGE
- The design of cartridges for revolvers, shotguns, and some rifles.
RIMMED CARTRIDGE
-The cartridge has a rimmed base that is the rim diameter is obviously wider than the case diameter, and it has no extracting groove.
RIMMED CARTRIDGE
Examples are the .38 CALIBER AND .22 CALIBER CARTRIDGE for revolvers
RIMMED CARTRIDGE
–responsible for the location
RIMMED CARTRIDGE
–size ng rim ay base sa pagiging seamless and efficient ng action ng pag-extract and eject ng cartridge
RIMMED CARTRIDGE
–responsible for extraction and ejection
RIMMED CARTRIDGE
- The rim is slightly wider than the case.
SEMI - RIMMED CARTRIDGE
-Examples are the .25 CALIBER, 32 AUTO AND SUPER .38 CARTRIDGES for semi-automatics.
SEMI - RIMMED CARTRIDGE
–this cartridge is for manual extraction system
SEMI - RIMMED CARTRIDGE
- The type of cartridge which is true to pistol and rifle ammunition.
RIMLESS CARTRIDGE
-Examples are the .45 CARTRIDGE AND 9MM CARTRIDGES for semi-automatic pistols, and 5.56MM AND 7.62MM CARTRIDGES for assault rifles.
RIMLESS CARTRIDGE
-The cartridge case and the rim have equal diameter.
RIMLESS CARTRIDGE
–this cartridge is common used for firearms for semi-automatic and automatic firearms
RIMLESS CARTRIDGE
- A rare type of cartridges because the rim has smaller diameter than the cartridge case.
REBATED CARTRIDGE
-Example is the 8x59 MM RIFLE CARTRIDGE.
REBATED CARTRIDGE
–for larger caliber firearms such as machine guns, submachine guns
REBATED CARTRIDGE
- The type of cartridge originally designed for machineguns.
BELTED CARTRIDGE
-This cartridge extractor’s groove is strengthened with another layer of metal to prevent the machine gun’s extractor from damaging the cartridge case.
BELTED CARTRIDGE
-Examples are .338 magnum and 13.9x99 mm cartridges.
BELTED CARTRIDGE
-Depending on the cartridge design, __ may refer to the powder charge or the case design.
MAGNUM/MAGNUM AMMUNITION
–designed for magnum ammunition
BELTED CARTRIDGE
-Some rifle and pistol cartridges are referred to as
‘magnum’.
CATRIDGE- ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION OF PRIMER
- PIN - FIRE CARTRIDGE
- RIM - FIRE CARTRIDGE
- CENTER - FIRE CARTRIDGE
- PERCUSSION
- This is the type of cartridge in which the primer cup is concealed inside the cartridge case.
PIN - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-A pin is resting on the primer.
PIN - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-The gun chamber has a notch for the pin to stand when loaded in the squeezing the trigger.
PIN - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-The pin protrudes at the side of the cartridge.
PIN - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-Accordingly, this type of cartridge had been used in FRANCE IN THE 1830’S.
PIN - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-This cartridge no longer manufactured today.
PIN - FIRE CARTRIDGE
- This is the type of cartridge in which the priming mixture is located at the hollow portion of the rim of the cartridge case.
RIM - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-This cartridge type can be identified easily by the smooth base of the cartridge case.
RIM - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-It can be fired if the firing pin strikes the bottom of the cartridge at the rim area.
RIM - FIRE CARTRIDGE
is exclusively used by .22 cal. revolvers.
RIM - FIRE CARTRIDGE
- This is the type of cartridge mostly used today.
CENTER - FIRE CARTRIDGE
-The primer cup is centrally placed at the base of the cartridge.
CENTER - FIRE CARTRIDGE
- needs mechanical blow against the this cap.
PERCUSSION
-The priming mixture is exploded by the impact of the firing on the primer cup which is supported by the anvil.
CENTER - FIRE CARTRIDGE
–common in flintlock and snaphaunce
PERCUSSION
ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF PROPELLANT CHARGES
- LOW POWDER
- HIGH POWDER
- HIGH INTENSITY
- ability of gunpowder to rapidly burn and produce pressured gas in cartridge para malabas yung bullet
PROPELLANT CHARGES
- Cartridge is giving a muzzle velocity of less than 1850 ft/sec
LOW POWDER
1925 to 2500 ft/sec
HIGH POWDER
- Over 2500 ft/sec
HIGH INTENSITY
PARTS OF SHOTGUN AMMUNITION
- SHOT CAP (STIRRUP)
- TUBE (SHELL OR CASE OR HULL)
- CRIMP
- GUNPOWDER OR POWDER
- PRIMER
- WAD
- LEAD SHOT
- A plastic that holds the shots.
SHOT CAP (STIRRUP)
–red and orange lang ang kulay dito
SHOT CAP (STIRRUP)
outer cover of our shell
SHOT CAP (STIRRUP)
-Prior to 1960 paper is used as casing for shotgun ammo.
TUBE (SHELL OR CASE OR HULL)
- A plastic body with mouth closed by die crimp or star crimp, eliminating need for overshot wad.
TUBE (SHELL OR CASE OR HULL)
-The portion of a cartridge case that is bent inward to hold the shot in place.
CRIMP
–maintaining pressure of overall cover of shell including lead bullets, primer and gun powder
CRIMP
TUBE (SHELL OR CASE OR HULL) IS USUALLY MADE OF?
brass, nickel and metal
- Any chemical compound used that if ignited it will cause tremendous pushing power to bullet or pellets.
GUNPOWDER OR POWDER
- A chemical priming compound, primer cup, anvil and battery cup that when struck it ignites the powder charge.
PRIMER
- A disk made of paper used to hold the powder or shot.
WAD
–wall between gunpowder, primer and pellet
WAD
–making sure the equal distribution of pressure for lead or slugs
WAD
FOUR KINDS OF WADS;
A. BASE WAD
B. UNDER POWDER
C. OVER POWDER
D. FILLER
- It is a small steel or lead pellet of different sizes.
LEAD SHOT
- It contains pure lead.
DROP OR SOFT SHOT
THREE TYPES OF LEAD SHOT
A. DROP OR SOFT SHOT
B. CHILLED OR HARD SHOT
C. PLATED SHOT
–for hunting and self -defense
–malleable so malambot siya, once na tumama sa rough surface ay mag-flatten ito
DROP OR SOFT SHOT
- It is coated with cupronickel or 70% copper and 30% nickel or steel shot.
PLATED SHOT
- It is lead hardened by antimony
CHILLED OR HARD SHOT
CATEGORIES OF SHOT;
- BUCKSHOT
- SLUG
- TUNGSTEN - IRON SHOT
- FLECHETTE SHOT
-this shot contains consists of lead balls.
BUCKSHOT
- It is a single with angled grooves cut into its side to spin it.
SLUG
-This refers to SABOT SLUG.
SLUG
- formed from powdered tungsten and iron, blended together and pressed into a pellet.
TUNGSTEN - IRON SHOT
–this shot is used for hunting for ducks
TUNGSTEN - IRON SHOT
- It is a cluster of sturdy steel needles with tiny fins at their base to stabilize them in flight.
FLECHETTE SHOT
- The cartridge will have a shelf life for
more than 20 years AND commercially virgins.
-The life of ammunitions depends on the
manner of storage.
- hindi refill, it is coming from the manufacturer at lahat ay bago
VIRGIN
- The cartridge will have a shelf life IF NOT VIRGIN
Less than 20 yrs
- The process of military storage of ammunition or arms.
IGLOO
-It is done by making a concrete bunker with walls about a foot thick and then covered.
IGLOO
-Ammo may reach 40 years with no degradation.
IGLOO
–storing the both firearm and ammunition
IGLOO
–zero air
IGLOO
–before full on flight
INTERMEDIATE BALLISTIC
–full on flight na siya
EXTERNAL BALLISTIC
