3 Flashcards
), a United Nations specialized agency in charge of international public health
WHO
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity” (WHO, 2022a
Health
. It also means that a healthy lifestyle is a conduit to leading a full, meaningful, and purpose. driven life
Health
published an editorial in 2009, defining health as “the ability to adapt,” particularly on emerging threats and infirmities
The Lancel
refers to having bodily functions, processes, and systems all working at their peak, due not only to the absence of disease but to the individual’s efforts to do regular exercise, maintain a balanced nutrition, and get adequate rest.
Physical Health
refers to a person’s emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Without mental health, even at the peak of one’s physical health, a full and active lifestyle will be difficult.
Mental Health
refers to a person’s emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Without ——-, even at the peak of one’s physical health, a full and active lifestyle will be difficult.
Mental Health
not merely the absence of psychological disorders like depression or anxiety, but it also depends on a to enjoy life, recover and adapt to difficult experiences and adversity, balance different aspects of life, feel safe and secure person’s ability
and achieve their goals and potentials
Mental health
focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients
Health Care
focuses on the protection and promotion of the health of entire populations.
Public Helath
One of the earliest definitions of public health is that of American bacteriologist and public health expert
Charles-Edward A. Winslow
considered to be a leading figure of 20th-century public health. In 1920, he defined public health as follows
Charles Edward A. Wilson
became a major milestone of 20th-century public health as it identified primary healthcare as the key to the achievement of “Health for All” (WHO, 2022c).
Declaration of Alma Ata
In (?), the Declaration of Alma Ata became a major milestone of 20th-century public health as it identified primary healthcare as the key to the achievement of “Health for All” (WHO, 2022c)
1978
most important worldwide social goal.
Health
—– in health between developed and developing countries are unacceptable and are therefore a concern to all countries.
Gross inequalities
is essential healthcare and forms an integral part of the country’s healthcare system and the overall development of the community
Primary Healthcare
multidisciplinary science
Public Healthcare
The history of public health dates back to the ancient age as far as
2000 B C
The public health field was pushed to its limits during the 18th century because of the
First Industrial revolution
This new definition encompasses the view that health is a requisite to allow an individual to perform health social functions. It also means that a healthy lifestyle is a conduit to leading a full, meaningful, and purpose- driven life
Health
refers to having bodily functions, processes, and systems all working at their peak, due not only to the absence of disease but to the individual’s efforts to do regular exercise, maintain a balanced nutrition, and get adequate rest.
Physical Health
refers to a person’s emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Without mental health, even at the peak of one’s physical health, a full and active lifestyle will be difficult. Like physical health, mental health is not merely the absence of psychological disorders like depression or anxiety, but it also depends on a person’s ability to enjoy life, recover and adapt to difficult experiences and adversity, balance different aspects of life, feel safe and secure, and achieve their goals and potentials
Mental Health
is not merely the absence of psychological disorders like depression or anxiety, but it also depends on a person’s ability to enjoy life, recover and adapt to difficult experiences and adversity, balance different aspects of life, feel safe and secure, and achieve their goals and potentials
Mental Health
focuses on the protection and promotion of the health of entire populations
Public Health
One of the earliest definitions of public health is that of American bacteriologist and public health expert
Charles Edward A. Winslow
considered to be a leading figure of 20th-century public health.
Charles - Edward A. Wilson
became a major milestone of 20th-century public health as it identified primary milestone as the key to the achievement of “Health for All (WHO, 2022c).
Declaration of Alma Ata
is essential healthcare and forms an integral part of the country’s healthcare system and the overall development of the community.
Primary Healthcare
can be attained through a full and better use of the world’s resources, a part of which is spent on armaments and military conflict
Health for All
During the 1831 cholera outbreak, also known as
Broad Street Cholera Outbreak or
Golden Square Outbreak
During the 1831 cholera outbreak, also known as
Broad Street Cholera Outbreak or
Golden Square Outbreak
Snow was a medical apprentice working to systematically study the spread of the
Vibrio Cholerae
His lifelong work and studies on cholera were extensive although he is most often credited for solving an
1854 severe cholera Outbreak on Soho, London
. Skeptical of the now obselete
Miasma or Bad Air Theory
proposes that microscopic organisms were the causes of diseases among humans, until 1861
Germ Theory
Around the same time as major epidemics and disease outbreaks spread across the world, the ——– Period provided important foundations for the importance of public health.
Enlightenment Period
. This period was one that saw an embrace of democracy, citizenship, reason, rationality, and the social value of intelligence. At the time, the value of gathering information to guide decisions became integral to the ongoing public health discourse.
Enlightenment Period
During this time, the English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer ——– and his disciples, called
Jeremy Bentham
His disciples, Philosophical Radicals
lobbied the belief that nature placed humankind under the governance of two masters, namely pain and pleasure
Jeremy Bentham and
His disciples, Philosophical Radicals
argued for the philosophy of utilitarianism, a moral theory which states that actions should be judged right or wrong based on whether they maximize pleasure and minimize pain (i.e., utility) among the affected people.
Philosophical Radicals
moral theory which states that actions should be judged right or wrong based on whether they maximize pleasure and minimize pain (i.e., utility) among the affected people
Philosophical Radicals
moral theory which states that actions should be judged right or wrong based on whether they maximize pleasure and minimize pain (i.e., utility) among the affected people
Utilitarianism
Collecting and analyzing about public health problems and concerns) Care information
Essential Service 1: Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
Essential Service 2: Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards in the community
Assessment
(Consulting with a broad range of stakeholders to ensure the with interventions and serve the public interest)
Essential Service 3: Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
Essential Service 4: Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
Essential Service 5: Develop policies and plans to support individual and community health efforts
Policy Development
Promoting and protecting public interests through public health activities that ensure the achievement of agreed upon public health goals)
K
Essential Service 6: Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
Assurance
both prolongs life and improves the quality of life, which are both necessary
Prevention
the worst public health crisis of the 21st century
Coronavirus Virus 2019 or COVID-19
first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019
SARS Cov-2
virus also tends to spread faster in three Cs,
crowded places, close-contact settings, and confined and enclosed spaces with poor ventilation
such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, nucleic acid amplification test (NAATs), and other molecular amplification tests detect the genetic material from the virus and diagnose active infections.
Molecular Test
(PCR) means?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
NAATs means
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
These tests require a nasal swab, oral or throat swab, or saliva sample
Molecular Test
Antibody tests is also known as?
Rapid Tests
detect immune response after exposure, search for specific proteins on the surface of the virus
Rapid Tests
which are typically done using a nasal swab, are called rapid tests because they produce results more quickly than molecular tests
Antigen Tests
Lost of taste is also known as?
Ageusia
Smell is also known as?
Anosmia
such as the oral (?) pills Paxlovid™ (Pfizer) and Lagevrio (Merck), target specific parts of the virus to stop it from multiplying in the infected body, thus preventing severe illness and death.
Antiviral Treatments
target specific parts of the virus to stop it from multiplying in the infected body, thus preventing severe illness and death.
Antiviral Treatments
help the infected person’s immune defense by recognizing and responding more effectively to the virus.
Monoclonal Antibodies
EUA stands for?
emergency use athorizations
it is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, which injects snippets of the virus’s generic material, called an mRNA, into human cells
Pfizer
teaches the cells to produce a protein that will trigger an immune response inside the body. I
mRNA
it is a non-replicating viral vector vaccine, which injects a harmless adenovirus to deliver genetic information to human cells.
Developed in the United Kingdom and British - Swedish Company
Astrazeneca
Developed by the Chinese company
Sinovac
it is a whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine, which uses a more traditional technology of injecting virus particles that have been grown in culture and then killed to destroy disease-producing capacity
Sinovac
Developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Russia, it is also an adenovirus-based viral vector vaccine against COVID-19.
Sputnik
Developed by Janssen Vaccines in Leiden Netherlands and its Belgian parent company Janssen Pharmaceuticals, it is a one-dose regimen adenovirus-based viral vector vaccine.
Janssen
Developed by the Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, it is the first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine in India.
Covaxin
model that scientists developed to understand the spread, mitigation, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Epidemiological Triangle
the goal is to break at least one side of the triangle in order to disrupt
ET
