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ETHICS FINALS (VIRTUE) > 3 > Flashcards

3 Flashcards

1
Q

at least two of Aristotle;s works specifically concern morality

A

Eudemian Ethics, Nicomachean Ethics

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2
Q

_______ has been regarded as the ethics of Aristotle since the beginning of the Christian era

A

Nicomachean Ethics

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3
Q

three general descriptions can be used to depict Aristoltle’s ethics

A
  1. self-realizationism
  2. eudaimonistic
  3. aretai
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4
Q

Aristotle’s ethical system may be termed __________. In his philosophy, when someone acts in line with his nature or end (telos) and thus realizes his full potential, he does moral and will be happy.

A

self-realizationism

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5
Q

artistotle’s view is also of a type known as _________. As sich, it focuses on happiness or good for man and how to obtain it.

A

eudaimonistic

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6
Q

Aristotle’s moral philosophy is ______, or virtue-based. Whereas act-oriented ethics is focused mainly on what we should do, virtue ethics is interested basically in what we should be, that is, the character of the person we should struggle to become.

A

aretai

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7
Q

___________ is the end or purpose

A

telos

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8
Q

Aristotle argues (with Plato in sperate realm of forms), he argues that rational beings can discover the _______ of things and that a being’s ______ is its potential fulfillment or telos

A

essence

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9
Q

the essence or telos of a human being is _______ and thus, a life of ______ is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.

A
  • rationality
  • contemplation
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10
Q

all humans seek happiness (________), but in diff ways

A

well being

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11
Q

true happiness is tied to the purpose or end (______) of human life.

A

telos

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12
Q

the essence (_______) of human beings (that which separates and distinguishes them as a species) is Reason.

A

telos

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13
Q

_____ employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues and intellectual virtues

A

reason

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14
Q

By ______, he means those which the person with wisdom would choose because what is good is obvious to such a person.

A

virtuous actions

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15
Q

Aristotle believes that the ultimate human goal is _______

A

self-realization

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16
Q

achieving one’s natural purpose by functioning or living consistently with _________

A

human nature

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17
Q

Aristotle identifies three natures of man

A

vegetable or physical
animal or emotional
rational or mental

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18
Q

the thing that distinguishes hu,ans from all other creatures is the _______ or ________

A

rational nature, ability to reason

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19
Q

__________ is viewed as vital in self-realization or developing one’s potential

A

living in accordance with reason

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20
Q

_______, the awareness of ourr nature and the development of our potentials is the key to human happiness

A

self-realization

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21
Q

______ for Aristotle is the inquiry into the human good

A

ethics

22
Q

the human good is _______ or _____

A

eudaimonia or happiness

23
Q

aristotle also considers happiness as the _________ - the greatest good of all human life.

A

summun bonum

24
Q

he adds that the (happiness) is the only ______ , that is, the good that is pursued for its own sake

A

intrinsic good

25
Q

the man’s ultimate goal as it is an end in itself

A

happiness

26
Q

attained by the habitual practice of moral and intellectual excellences

A

fluorishing

27
Q

aristotle’s idea pf happiness should also be understood in the sense of

A

human fluorishing

28
Q

Aristotle employs the word “_____” to refer to mora virtue. one denotion of the term, a condition in which something must actively hold itself.

A

hexis

29
Q

________ for Aristotle, is the only practical road to effective action.

A

moral virtue

30
Q

refers to an excellence of moral or intellectual character.

A

virtue

31
Q

Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of virtue

A

virtue of intellect, moral virtues

32
Q

corresponds to the fully rational parts of the soul

A

intellect (virtues of intellect)

33
Q

part of the rational soul which can obey reason

A

moral virtues

34
Q

expression of character, formed by habits reflecting repeated choices, hence is also called virtue of character

A

moral virtue

35
Q

follow from our nature as rational beings, they are traits that enable us to act according to reason

A

moral virtues

36
Q

excess and defect normally indicate a _____

A

vice

37
Q

the golden mean between two less desirable extremes

A

moral virtue

38
Q

aristotle mentions four basic moral virtues

A

courage, temperance, justice, prudence

39
Q

the golden mean between cowardice (deficiency) and tactless rashness (excess)

A

courage

40
Q

the mean between gluttony (excess) and extreme frugality (deficiency)

A

temperance

41
Q

the virtue of giving others the right that they deserve, neither more nor less

A

justice

42
Q

what helps us to know what is just reasonable in various circumstances, enabling us to keep away from excess and defect is the moral virtue called _____ or ____

A

prudence or wisdom

43
Q

the ______, the intellectual virtue of practical wisdom, is the kind of moral knowledge which guides us to what is appropriate in conjunction with moral virtue

A

phronesis

44
Q

the ______ or ______ is a grasp of the appropriate way to respond - to feel and act - in a particular situation.

A

phronesis or practical wisdom

45
Q

once we learn the proper amount, we have the right to prescription (_______)

A

orthos logos

46
Q

Aristotle’s complete picture of a ________ therefore is someone who constantly and habitually acts according to moral virtue and practical wisdom

A

morally virtuous man

47
Q

his comprehensive notion of ________ is that it is a state of character manifested in choice and action , resting in the gold mean, resolved by the prescription that a wise person would determine

A

moral virtue

48
Q

additional moral values

A

generosity, civility, trustworthiness, reliability, sociability, dependability, honesty, sincerity, gentleness, tolerance, benevolence, cooperativeness, empathy, tact, kindness, and good temper

49
Q

no culture considers

A

envy, spite, dishonestly, insensitivity, cruelty, arrogance, injustice, cowardice, self-centeredness

50
Q
A

ETHICS FINALS (VIRTUE) (6 decks)

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