3 Flashcards
larval salamanders feed by _ which catches prey with water and is passed through _
inertial suction
branchial shifts
tadpoles have mucus that’s secreted by cells on _
ventral velum
what are the 6 tadpole mouth types?
surface feeding tadpole, midwater suspension tadpole, broad-footed tadpole, stream-dwelling tadpole, egg-eating tadpole, carnivorous tadpole
salamanders have sticky dorsal surface tongue. what limits their extension?
if it is attached to the floor of their mouth, they have limited extension and if it isnt, they have flexible extension
what is the salamander extension due to?
(i.e skeleton)
hyobranchial skeleton
2 things for frog crypsis?
avoid being eaten
avoid being seen
venemous vs posionous
venemous = injecting venom
posionous = secreting toxins
toads produce _, newts prduced _, and posion dart frogs produce _
bufadienolides
tetrodotoxin
lipophilic alkaloids
define aposematism
evolution of warning colors
what is mullerian mimicry?
animals develop similar warning colors/patterns
* all are toxic and all send honest signals
* predators learn to avoid all similar look prey
what is batesian mimicry?
one is toxic = model = sends honest signal
one is harmless = mimic = sends dishonest signal
plethodon jordani v plethodon cenereus
model v mimic
(t/f) snakes dont have external ears
true
define solenoglyph snakes
moveable front fangs
define proteroglyph
fixed front fangs
define opistoglyph
rear fangs
stenophagus v. euryphagus
limited diet v broad diet
describe african egg eating snake
hypapophyses crushes eggshell and then the anterior hypapophyses slits membrane and prevents it from going into the stomach
define constriction
stopping blood flow to the heart
red touches yellow =
red touches black =
kills v. lacks venom
central american milksnakes
genus micrurus = proteroglyphs - they have toxic venom
genus pliocerus = ophistoglyphs - mildly toxic venom
describe pdf about batesian mimicry
seeing if model being present is important in terms of predators avoidance
* within specific areas
* sites with only mimics had greater attacks
result = benefits of mimicry depend on abundance of model
describe robert kennicott
named after = artic warbler & western screech owl
suffered from QT syndrome
* founded chicago academy of science
* 3y expedition to canada for smithosonian
