3/14 UWORLD -test # 42 Flashcards
Q 1. fetal aromatase deficiency
- female fetal genital development?
- maternal manifestions? why?
- normal internal genitalia, ambiguous external genitalia
: internal genitalia is default development, not estrogen dependent. While external genitalia development needs estrogen - mom will show hirshitism/ virilization as fetal androgens transfer into maternal circulation
Q 3. acute hemolytic transfusion
- what type of hypersensitivity
- complement mediated cell lysis? how?
- type 2: antibody mediated
- anti-ABO antibody, which is mostly IgM (except Anti-D, which is IgG), can activate classical complement pathway ( rembmer GM?)
Q 4. Absolute erythrocytosis vs. relative erythrocytosis
- Absolute erythrocytosis
: increased RBC mass - relative erythrocytosis
: no change in RBC mass
Q 4. primary erythrocytosis vs. secondary erythrocytosis
primary erythrocytosis
:low EPO, caused by myleoproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera
secondary erythrocytosis
: high EPO, due to hypoxic condition
Q 4. How does occult neoplasia cause erythrocytosis? What type of erythrocytosis?
occult neoplasia may release EPO
-> secondary erythrocytosis
Q 5. How is naltrexone used for alcoholism?
naltrexone works to prevent craving.
u-opioid antagonist, blocks reward pathway
Q 5. Alcoholism treatments: mechanism of action?
- Fomepizole
- Disulfiram
- Formepizole: blocks alcohol dehydrogenase, inhibiting acetaldehyde formation
- Disulfiram: blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, inducing hangover-> aversion mechanism of action
Q 6. Relative Risk values
- RR=1
- RR<1
- RR>1
RR=1: no association between exposure and risk
RR<1: exposure is associated with decreased risk
RR>1: exposure is associated with increased risk
Q 7. what hormone mediates development of
- male external/ internal genitalia
- female external/ internal genitalia
Male
- external: DHT
- internal: testosterone
Female
- external: estrogen
- internal: no requirement. Mullenian duct is default (unless there is AMH secreted by sertoli cell)
Q 7. intact Leydig cell & defect Sertoli cell: what will male external/internal genitalia look like?
external: male (intact testoterone/ DHT by Leydig)
internal: male & female
- female: absence of AMH by sertoli cell
- male: testosterone still intact
Q 9. Drug efficacy vs. potency: what value can tell this?
efficacy- higher Vmax, more efficacy
potency- lower LD50 dose, more potency
Q 11. What infection is common in lung transplant?
CMV
pneumonia
Q 11. CMV: DNA? RNA? enveloped?
CMV is herpes virus family
so dsDNA, enveloped
sketchy: HSV sketchy- hermes wearing white cloth (enveloped) standing on the double lane (double stranded) blue background (DNA)
Q 13. duloxetine: what class of drug
SNRI
Q 17. What blood supplies descending colon? To which another vessel does it form anastomosis?
primarily supplied by IMA (Inferior mesenteric) collateral circulation (anastomosis) with SMA
