Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BOARD EXAM REVIEW > 3/136 > Flashcards

3/136 Flashcards

1
Q

Volcano that the world witnessed to be the most violent. Found in Java and Sumatra Inndonesia

A

Mt. Krakatoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A crescent shaped island between Greece and Crete. Volcanic crater is patrially submerged

A

Santorini or Thera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Volcano well-known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows. Economically destructive in the US.

A

Mt. Helens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Volcano that is responsible for Pompeii destruction at AD 79.

A

Mt. Vesuvius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A volcano with Plinian eruption near Laetoli in Northern Tanzania.

A

Sadiman Volcano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Average Erosion of the Continent

A

0.03 mm/yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cutting of the Grand Canyon since 5 MA

A

0.7 mm/yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Postglacial rise of sea level

A

5 mm/yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If Earth history is compressed to 1 year, when is oldest rocks discovered?

A

mid-March

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If Earth history is compressed to 1 year, the very primitive life forms appeared when?

A

late-November

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If Earth history is compressed to 1 year, the first human ancestors appeared when?

A

December 31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who coined the term Uniformitarianism?

A

William Whewell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who coined the term Catastrophism?

A

Georges Cuvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enumerate the Mineral Groups

A

Carbonates, Halide Native Elements, Phosphate, Oxide, Silicate, Sulfate, and Sulfide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the reason why S-waves cannot pass through liquids?

A

When S-waves reach the surface they cause horizontal shaking. Liquids don’t have any shear strength and so a shear wave cannot propagate through a liquid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differentiate the crust and the lithosphere.

A

The crust is the thin, outermost layer of the Earth that is composed differently than the mantle. The lithosphere is a thick layer that contains both the crust and the upper mantle (which is rigid compared to the underlying asthenosphere).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Length of the Equator.

a. 20,000 km
b. 30,000 km
c. 40,000 km
d. 50,000 km

A

approx. 40,000 km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the formation and characteristics of oxbow lakes in fluvial landscapes.

A

Oxbow lakes form when meandering rivers abandon their old channels, creating U-shaped cutoffs that eventually fill with water. They are characterized by their curved shape and ecological significance as habitats for aquatic life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the composition and characteristics of the troposphere.

A

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, extending from the surface up to approximately 8-15 kilometers. It is primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen, with trace amounts of other gases and water vapor. This layer is where weather phenomena occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When did Big Bang occur according to Big Bang Theory?

a. 13.7 BA
b. 14.6 BA
c. 10.1 BA
d. 9.01 BA

A

13.7 BA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define karst topography

A

Karst topography is a landscape characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems, formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone.

22
Q

Define Amygdales.

A

Amygdales form when the vesicles of a volcanic rock or other extrusive igneous rock are infilled with a secondary mineral, such as calcite, quartz, chlorite, or one of the zeolites.

23
Q

Briefly describe the process of continental rifting. Where is it occurring today?

A

Continental rifting begins when plate motions produce opposing (tensional) forces that pull and stretch the lithosphere. Stretching, in turn, thins the lithosphere, which promotes mantle upwelling and broad upwarping of the overlying lithosphere. A modern example of an active continental rift is the East African Rift

24
Q

It is the Earth’s largest mountain range.

a. Andes Mountains
b. Himalayan Mountain Range
c. Mid-ocean Ridge System

A

Mid-ocean Ridge System

25
Q

Define Deformation

A

Deformation is the change in shape, position and/or volume of an object in response to applied forces.

26
Q

What is the significance of the stratopause?

A

The stratopause marks the boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere. It is characterized by a brief temperature pause where the temperature neither increases nor decreases significantly with altitude.

27
Q

Vertical component of displacement along a fault.

A

Throw

28
Q

Differentiate swamp, bog, and a marsh.

A

Main difference is dominant plant type.
Swamp: woody vegetation,
Bog: sphagnum moss and other acidic vegetation,
Marsh: non-woody vegetation such as grasses, reeds, and sedges

29
Q

Why do crops grow more productively on volcanic lands?

A

Volcanic lands receive regular supply of rocks from volcanic avtivities. These rocks then breakdown to create soil and are enriched with major elements which are also essential for the vitality of living organisms.

30
Q

Glaciers can be classified according to:

A

Thermal, Morphological, and Dynamic Classification

31
Q

What is the largest non polar desert in the world?

A

Sahara Desert

32
Q

Deepest mine.
a. Mponeng
b. Bingham Canyon
c. Veryovkina
d. Kola

A

Mponeng Gold Mine

33
Q

Explain the formation and significance of hot springs and geysers in geothermal areas.

A

Hot springs and geysers result from the circulation of groundwater heated by geothermal energy. They provide habitats for unique microbial life and serve as tourist attractions, highlighting the Earth’s geothermal resources and hydrothermal processes.

34
Q

Compare the processes of assimilation and magma mixing.

A

Magma mixing and magma assimilation both changes the composition of a magma, however, in magma mixing, two or more distinct magma bodies are mixed, whereas in magma assimilation, the magma body incorporates host rocks to change its composition.

35
Q

Differentiate Erosion, Weathering, and Transportation.

A

Erosion is the movement of soil and rock particles by gravity or natural agents like wind, water, or ice. Transport involves moving sediment. Weathering breaks down rock into fragments without movement.

36
Q

Which glacial landform is characterized by a small, elongated hill with a steep side and a gentle slope?
A) Drumlin
B) Esker
C) Sheepback
D) Kettle

A

Sheepback

37
Q

Explain how supergene minerals are formed.

A

Formed at low temperature and pressure by the activity of descending water and gas

38
Q

Dunites have how much olivine?

A

0.9

39
Q

How do drumlins form, and what role do they play in understanding glacial history?

A

Drumlins form from the deposition and deformation of glacial till. They provide valuable clues about the direction and flow of past glaciers.

40
Q

The colonnade constitutes approximately __________ and the entablature _________ of the flow thickness, because of faster downward cooling

A

one-third; two-thirds

41
Q

Why do deeper magmas rise farther than shallow magmas with same density?

A

When rocks melt, they typically expand by 10%, increasing magma volume. However, surrounding rock strength and lithostatic pressure, which increases with depth, counteract this expansion, leading to increased pressure on the liquid magma allowing it to rise further.

42
Q

How does trachitic texture form in basaltic dikes?

A

Crystals tend to align parallel to flow planes due to reduced rotation velocity, resulting in elongate and platy crystals often being parallel to contacts.

43
Q

Explain the principal reason why the Earth’s spin, orbit, and tilt vary over long periods of time.

A

As the Earth orbits the Sun, the Earth is pulled by the gravitational forces of the Sun, Moon, and other planets in the solar system, primarily Jupiter and Saturn. The vector differences of gravitational pulls on either side of the Earth create instability which takes a while to stabilize for the same reasons.

44
Q

Define Big Bang Theory

A

It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now

45
Q

What is the deepest cave in the world?
a. Oymyakon
b. Challenger Deep
c. Veryovkina

A

Veryovkina

46
Q

List three examples of intrusive igneous rocks.

A

Granite, diorite, and gabbro.

47
Q

The new discovery of Nautilus specimens is determined to be from the __________ period deposits in Batangas.

A

Neogene

48
Q

Who proposed that all landform’s ultimate form is the peneplane?
a. Charles Darwin
b. Georgius Agricola
c. William Morris Davis
d. J. Tuzo Wilson

A

William Morris Davis

49
Q

Enumerate the Earth’s Layer by Physical Properties

A

Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Upper Mantle, Lower Mantle, (D” Layer), Outer Core, Inner Core

50
Q

Explain when do inorganic deposition occur?

A

Supersaturation and evaporation allows the deposition of evaporites inorganically.

BOARD EXAM REVIEW (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions