Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BOARD EXAM REVIEW > 2/136 > Flashcards

2/136 Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 surrounding plates of the Philippines

A

Pacific, Eurasian, and Indo-Australian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Piedmont Glacier?

A

A type of glacier that forms when an alpine glacier flows onto a flat plain and spreads out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Also known as the “Snowball Earth” events, happened approximately 720 to 635 million years ago.
a. Cryogenian Glaciation
b. Grenville Glaciation
c. Makganyene Glaciation
d. Andean Glaciation

A

Cryogenian glaciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Differentiate regolith from soil.

A

Regolith on Earth originates from weathering and biological processes. The uppermost part of the regolith, which typically contains significant organic matter, is more conventionally referred to as soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define slab pull.

A

Slab pull, occurs because cold slabs of oceanic lithosphere are more dense than the underlying warm asthenosphere and hence “sink like a rock.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Crystal Structures of Dickite and Kaolinite

A

Monoclinic and Triclinic [Al2Si2O5(OH)4]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explaing how does ionic substitution occur.

A

Ionic substitution occurs because some elements have the same size and charge, and can thus substitute for one another in a crystal structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Discuss the formation of yardangs and their significance in desert landscapes.

A

Yardangs are formed by wind erosion of soft rock, leaving elongated ridges or hills. They are important indicators of prevailing wind direction and erosional processes in deserts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain this statement: “It is natural to think that magma is the result of heating, but most melting in the Earth occurs with little or no heat addition.”

A

Most melting are instead caused by decompression or addition of a flux that lowers melting points. Thus, as the asthenosphere rises beneath divergent plate boundaries, it partially melts to form basaltic magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Crystal Structures of Pyrite and Marcasite

A

Isometric and Orthorhombic (FeS2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Crystal Structures of Calcite and Aragonite

A

Hexagonal and Orthorhombic(CaCO3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glaciers formed at the top or crests of mountains.
a. Alpine Glaciers
b. Ice Caps
c. Tidewater Glaciers

A

Alpine Glaciers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Crystal Structures of TiO2

A

Rutile and Anatase (Tetragonal), Brookite (Orthorhombic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pacific Plate rate

A

80 mm/yr NW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Submarine Ridges of PSP

A

Palau-Kyushu and Izu-Bonin (East and West Marianas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Crystal Structures of Acanthite and Argenite

A

Monocilinic and Isometric (Ag2S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Crystal Structures of Gold and Silver

A

Isometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Indo-Australian Plate rate

A

107 mm/yr N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Crystal Structures of Periclase and Galena

A

Isometric - MgO, PbS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_______ percent of the world’s population lives within 100 km of an active volcano,

A

Nine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The viscosity of a silicate melt is controlled largely by the abundance of the polymerizing, tetrahedrally coordinated groups which are ______, ______, and ______.

A

SiO2, KAlO2, and NaAlO2

22
Q

Eurasian Plate rate

A

3 mm/yr S

23
Q

Ocean Basins of the PSP

A

West PH Basin, Parece Vela-Shikoku, and Marianas

24
Q

Explain why the velocity of the rise of a magma through dikes is not constant.

A

The flow of magma is resisted by the viscous drag of the magma against the walls of the dike thus generating a pressure drop

25
Q

Define Glacial retreat.

A

The process of ice melting at the terminus of a glacier and depositing sediment to form a landform

26
Q

Crystal Structures of Enargite and Luzonite

A

Orthorhombic and Tetragonal (Cu3AsS4)

27
Q

At what situations can lithospheric pressure exceed hydrostatic pressure in a certain rock body? Explain.

A

As depth increases within the Earth’s crust, lithostatic pressure becomes dominant due to the increasing weight of the overlying rock, compressing the fluids within the pores of the rock.

28
Q

Crystal Structures of Muscovite and Biotite

A

Monoclinic

29
Q

Changes in eccentricity varies between ______ (almost a perfect circle) to ______ (slightly elliptical)

a. 1.01 to 2.51
b. 0.061 to 0.96
c. 0.0034 to 0.058
d. 0.12 to 0.32

A

0.0034 to 0.058

30
Q

Crystal Structures of Diamond and Graphite

A

Isometric and Hexagonal (C)

31
Q

Describe Vertical Erosion in River Processes.

A

Vertical erosion deepens the river channel and takes place at the upper stages of the river.

32
Q

What is restite?

A

Restite is the residual material left at the site of melting.

33
Q

Crystal Structures of SiO2

A

Quartz (Hexagonal), Tridymite (Orthorhombic), Coesite (Monoclinic), Stishovite and Cristobalite (Tetragonal)

34
Q

Explain what is passive folding.

A

Passive folding occurs where layering has no mechanical influence on the folds formed

35
Q

Crystal Structures of Halite and Sylvite

A

Isometric - NaCl and KCl

36
Q

Pacific Plate crust

A

Entirely Oceanic

37
Q

A Philippine Climate type classified as having no dry season and rainfall is maximum from December to February.

A

Type II

38
Q

Eurasian Plate crust

A

Entirely Continental Except the Marginal Basins

39
Q

Al2SiO5

A

Andalusite, Silimanite, Kyanite

40
Q

Large glaciers that cover an entire mountain.
a. Alpine Glaciers
b. Ice Caps
c. Tidewater Glaciers

A

Ice Caps

41
Q

Crystal Structures of Calcite and Rhodochrosite

A

Hexagonal - CaCO3 and MnCO3

42
Q

The distance from Earth to Sun during aphelion is?

a. 152 million km
b. 154 million km
c. 149 million km
d. 147 million km

A

152 million kilometers

43
Q

Rhyolitic magmas, in contrast, tend to rise in large dome-like bodies known as ________, which, on solidifying beneath the surface, form granite batholiths.

A

Diapirs

44
Q

Discuss what allowed scientists to infer the existence of Mantle Plumes.

A

Seismic wave velocity graphs reveal an Ultra Low Velocity Zone at the mantle’s base, likely caused by low-density materials from sinking crustal rocks.

45
Q

Heat flow through oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere approaches a steady state after ______ and ______ respectively.

A

180 Ma and 800 Ma

46
Q

The change in volume of a rock body during deformation.

A

Dilation

47
Q

Discuss the formation and characteristics of sand dunes in desert environments.

A

Sand dunes form through the accumulation and migration of wind-blown sand grains. They exhibit various shapes and sizes, such as crescent-shaped barchan dunes or elongated longitudinal dunes, and play a crucial role in desert ecosystems.

48
Q

Crystal Structures of Fayalite and Forsterite

A

Orthorhombic - Fe2SiO4, Mg2SiO4

49
Q

Why is sinkhole not considered as mass wasting?

A

Because movement is only vertical with no horizontal component, they are instead considered a form of land subsidence

50
Q

Age of Pacific Plate

A

Late Jurassic 150 MY

BOARD EXAM REVIEW (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions