Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

[MT 6317] Clinical Chemistry Lecture > [2S] UNIT 6 Total Proteins > Flashcards

[2S] UNIT 6 Total Proteins Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

first rank of importance

A

“Proteis”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Consists of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHONS)

A

TOTAL PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Synthesized in the liver and secreted by the hepatocyte into the circulation except immunoglobulins

A

TOTAL PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

can bear positive and negative charges (amphoteric)

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pH range of protein

A

5.5 - 8.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Amino acids have no net charge (isoelectric point)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pH > pI

A

Negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pH < pI

A

Positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Repair body tissues

A

Functions of Total Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

For transport of metabolic substances

A

Functions of Total Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Acid-base balance
A

Functions of Total Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. Enzymes (biocatalysts)
  2. Hormones
  3. Structure (connective tissue)
A

Functions of Total Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most frequently analyzed of all the proteins

A

PLASMA PROTEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Divided into two groups:
    • Albumins
    • Globulins
A

PLASMA PROTEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

Reference method. Assume average nitrogen content of
16%

A

Kjeldahl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

Measurement of refractive index (velocity of light in air and water) due to solutes in serum

A

Refractometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

Formation of violet-colored chelate between Cu2+ ions
and peptide bonds (measured at 540 nm)

A

Biuret

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

Protein binds to dye and causes a spectral shift in the absorbance maximum of dye

A

Dye Binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acid precipitation (TCA or tungstic acid) of protein with measurement of
total nitrogen

A

Total Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conversion of nitrogen to ammonia

A

Kjeldahlization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 Ammonia measurement

A

Nessler’s
Berthelot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

breaks the peptide bonds

A

BIURET: Cupric Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

stabilizes cupric ions

A

BIURET: Potassium iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

keeps copper in solution

A

BIURET: Tartrate Salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN METHODS

  1. Bromphenol blue
  2. Ponceau S
  3. Amido black 10B
  4. Lissamine green
  5. Coomassie briliant blue
A

DYE BINDING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Synthesized in the liver
  • General transport protein
A

ALBUMIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It is the protein present in highest concentration in plasma

A

ALBUMIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Maintains osmotic pressure and is an indicator of nutritional status

A

ALBUMIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • Negative acute phase reactant
  • Lowest levels are seen in active Nephrotic syndrome
A

ALBUMIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Globulins are precipitated
Albumin in supernatant is quantitated by biuret reaction

A

Salt Precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Nonspecific for Albumin

A

Methyl orange

24
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Sensitive
Overestimates low albumin levels
Most commonly used dye

A

BCG (Bromcresol green)

24
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Many Interferences (salicylates, bilirubin)

A

HABA

25
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Specific, Sensitive and Precise

A

BCP (Bromcresol purple)

26
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Proteins separated based on electric charge densities

A

Electrophoresis

27
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

  • Cellulose acetate/agarose gel (support media)
  • After separation, protein fractions are immersed in acid solution then
    stained by dyes (e.g. Coomassie blue)
A

Electrophoresis

28
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

The medium is placed in scanning densitometer which compute the area
under the absorbance

A

Electrophoresis

29
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Monoclonal increase

A

ELECTROPHORESIS: Monoclonal Gammopathy

30
Q

ALBUMIN METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Uses higher voltage couple with a cooling system and more concentrated buffer

A

HIGH RESOLUTION PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS

31
Q

PRE-ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

❑ Non-fasting test
❑ Sample must be free from hemolysis (↑ increase) and lipemia

A

Total Proteins

32
Q

PRE-ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

❑ Concentration is higher in plasma than in serum
* Presence of fibrinogen
* Increased from 0.2 – 0.4 g/dL (2 – 4 g/L)

A

Total Proteins

33
Q

PROCEDURES

Standard of TP

A

→ Protein: 8 g/dL or 80 g/L,
→ Sodium azide

34
Q

PROCEDURES

TP Reagent Kit

A

→ Sodium Hydroxide
→ Potassium sodium tartrate
→ Copper sulfate
→ Potassium iodide

35
Q

PROCEDURES

Incubation time for TP

A

10 minutes

36
Q

PROCEDURES

Measure the absorbance of standard and the reagent blank within __ minutes

A

30

36
Q

PROCEDURES

  • Wavelength – 520 to 580 nm
  • Temperature – 37 degC
  • Optical path – 1 cm
  • Read against reagent blank
A

TP

36
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: Increased / Decreased

Dehydration

A

Increased

37
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: Increased / Decreased

  • Chronic inflammation
  • Multiple myeloma
A

Increased

38
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: Increased / Decreased

  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Malabsorption
A

Decreased

39
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: Increased / Decreased

  • Malnutrition
  • Agammaglobulinemia
A

Decreased

39
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN: Increased / Decreased

  • Overhydration
  • Hepatic insufficiency
A

Decreased

39
Q

ALBUMIN PROCEDURE

Standard

A

Albumin 3.5 g/dL or 35 g/L

39
Q

REFERENCE VALUES (SERUM TOTAL PROTEIN)

A

6.5 – 8.3 g/dL (65-83 g/L)

40
Q

ALBUMIN PROCEDURE

Albumin Reagent Kit

A

→ Succinate buffer (pH 4.2),
→ Bromcresol green
→ Surfactant
→ Sodium azide

41
Q

ALBUMIN PROCEDURE

Incubation time

A

5 minutes

42
Q

ALBUMIN PROCEDURE

Measure the absorbance of standard and the reagent blank within __ minutes

A

15

43
Q

PROCEDURE

  • Wavelength – 620 nm
  • Temperature – 37 degC
  • Optical path – 1 cm
  • Read against reagent blank
A

Albumin

44
Q

ALBUMIN: Increased / Decreased

  • Dehydration
  • Prolonged tourniquet application
A

Increased

44
Q

ALBUMIN: Increased / Decreased

  • Malnutrition
  • Liver disease
A

Decreased

44
Q

ALBUMIN: Increased / Decreased

  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Chronic inflammation
A

Decreased

45
Q

REFERENCE VALUES (SERUM ALBUMIN)

A

3.5 – 5.5 g/dL (35-55 g/L)

45
Q

Computed using Total Protein and Albumin

A
45
Q

TP – Albumin =

A
46
Q

Normal value of Globulin

A

1.5 to 4.5 g/dL (15.0 to 45.0 g/L)

47
Q

GLOBULIN DETERMINATION

A/G ratio

A

1.3 – 3.0

48
Q

GLOBULIN DETERMINATION

Increased therapeutic drug in serum

A

Bisalbuminemia

49
Q

ODD ONE OUT: GLOBULIN DETERMINATION - Inverted A/G Ratio

Cirrhosis
Multiple Myeloma
Waldenstroms
Bisalbuminemia
Macroglobulinemia

A

Bisalbuminemia

49
Q

TP: N/↓
A: ↓
G: ↑

A

Hepatic Damage & Infections

50
Q

HEPATIC DAMAGE

TP: N/↓
A: ↓
G: ↑

β-γ bridging

A

Cirrhosis

51
Q

HEPATIC DAMAGE

TP: N/↓
A: ↓
G: ↑

↑ γ-globulins

A

Hepatitis

52
Q

INFECTIONS

TP: N/↓
A: ↓
G: ↑

  • ______ - α1 , α2 globulins
  • ______ - ↑ α1, α2 γ, globulins
A

Acute
Chronic

53
Q

ODD ONE OUT: Electrophoresis

TP: ↓
A: ↓
G: N

Choices:
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Inadequate diet
Nephrotic syndrome
↑α2,β-globulins;↓γ-globulins

A

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

54
Q

TP: ↓
A: N
G: ↓

A

Immunodeficiency syndrome

55
Q

TP: ↑
A: N
G: ↑

A

Multiple myeloma
Monoclonal & Polyclonal gammopathies

55
Q

TP: ↑
A: ↑
G: ↑

A

Dehydration

[MT 6317] Clinical Chemistry Lecture (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions