2nd test Flashcards
What are the three different drug names
- chemical name
- approved name
- licensed, brand, trade or properietary name
What is the use of the chemical name on prescriptions?
Rarely used
What is the use of the approved name in prescriptions and give examples that describes what approved name is
it is used for prescribing official and prepared medicines
ex. British approved names (BAN)
United states approved names (USAN)
international non-proprietary names (rINN)
What is the use of licensed, brand, trade or proprietary name?
used for prescribing authorised medicines
Who gives the approved names?
Pharmacopoeia comission
Who gives the licensed, bran, trade or proprietary name?
manufacturers, can differ from the chemical name
Schedule 2 +3 drugs
How should it be written?
should be written indelible and the signature must be in ink or electronic
schedule 2 and 3 drugs
list 7 points of information that must be included in the prescription
- Name and address of the owner
- date on which the prescription was signes
- name, form and strength of the preparation
- total quantity of the number of dosage units in both words and figures
- dose to be administered
- prescriber’s signature, qualification and RCVS registration number
- animal or herd under the vet’s care
Schdule 2+3 drugs
What are the rules concerning the signature
For how long is the prescription valid
and the rules about repeats
Signature: no latinisation or abbreviation
The prescription is valid for 28 days
Repeat presriptions are not permitted
What must the label include of dispensed veterinary medicines
- name + address of the owner and veterinarian
- date of dispensing
- “for external use only” if only for topical use
- the relecant withdrawal period
- for what animals it should not be given too, due to drugs: aspirin
- “for animal treatment only” unless the container or package is too small
- “keep out of reach for children”
What is MFS?
medicated feeding stuff prescriptions
Who does the regulation of MFS apply to?
anyone who incorporates a medicated product of any description in an animal feeding stuff
Who does the MFS not affect?
companion animal owner administering a medical product mixed in the feed
or
farmer “top dressing” feed or medicating via the drinking water
What does the regulations (MFS) require from the manufacturers and distributors who adds medicines to feed?
it requires them to register with the royal pharmaceutical society of great britain (RPSGB)
or
the Department of Agriculture and Rural development for Northern Ireland (DARD for NI)
How many copies of MFS prescriptions are required?
Three copies
The compounder
the farmer
the veterinarian
How long is a MFS prescription valid?
3 months or shorter if indicated in the prescription
When and by who can medicines be incorporated into the feed?
by an appropriately registered person, if the product has a relevant product license or and animal test certificate
All the MFS should follow a specified format, what is needed?
- the name and address of the person prescribing the product
- the qualifications enabling the person to prescribe the product
- the anem and address of the keeper of the animals to be treated
- the species of animal, identification and muber of the animals
- the premises at which the animal is kept if this is different from the address of the keeper
- the date of the prescription
- the signature or other authentication of the person prescribing the product
- the name and amount of the product prescribed
- the dosage and administration instructions
- any necessary warnings
- WP
- the manufacturer or the distributor of the feedingstuffs
- if the validity exceeds one month, a statement that not more than 31 days’ supply may be provided at any time
- the name, type and quantity of feedingstuff to be used
- the inclusion rate of the veterinary medicinal product and the resulting inclusion rate of the active substance
- any special instructions
- the percentage of the prescribed feedingsstuffs to be added to the daily ration
- if it is prescribed under the cascade, a statement to that effect
What is meant when the dosage is divided?
the average of one dose is put into one unit (capsule)
What is meant when the dose is non-divided
one unit, the dosage is often a tablespoon or a handfull
What is needed in powders for external use?
the active substance: antibiotics, antiseptic
and
a binder: talcum, zinc oxide
What are the categories for powders for internal use?
- water soulble powder
- powder for in-feed use
- powder for oral solution and suspension
- for direct administration
What is the composition of powders for internal use?
Active substance
binder: lactose, sorbit, glucose, bran flour, cereal flour, starch, rice
What is meant by dividation?
divide in dose aequales No
less precise, quicker
What is meant by dispensation
dentur tales doses No
more precise, slower
What is the usage of granules?
Farm animals: mixed in feed or drinking water
Small animlas, human: for solution or mixed in feed
What is the composition of granules?
active substance
Binder: saccharose, lactose
Adhesive: purified water, ethanol, methylcellulose
Coating: if needed
What are the advantages of granules?
either the release can be quick, with fast decomposition
or/and
later release with a drug of another peak concentration, which will not decompose for hours after dosing
less frequent readministration
What is a medicated premix used for?
it is used for preparing medicated feeding stuff
What are some feed supplements?
microelements, vitamins, prebiotic
What is the usage of premixes?
Per os: in small and large scale production
powder, granulated, liwuid
homogenous mixing
What is the composition of premix?
Active substance
- medicated premix: drugs (AB, antiparasitic aggents etc)
- feed supplements: microelements, vitamins, prebiotics, probiotics
Binder
- similar to feed
- no nutritional value, cereal flour, wheat bran
- indifferent: silicates
What is the usage of capsules
pre os, without chewing
only for individual treatment
small animal medicine
Soft capsule
Earlier: gelatine + sugar + glycerol + water
nowadays: synthetic polimers, thicker walls
Hard capsule
Earlier: gelatine + sugar + water, dissolves in gastric fluid, approx 15 min disintegration
Gastro-resistant capsule
soft + hard
film coated tablets
methacrylate coating
What is the most precise divided form?
tablets
how can tablets be administered?
Per os
intrauterine
intravaginal
for preparing solutions
Composition of tablets
active substance
binder
adhesive
lubricant
coloring - flavouring agent
Coating of tablets?
dragees, fim coated
for substances that irritates the stomach or dissolve there
TiO2 - protection from light
Modified release tablets
insoluable matrix
- single administration
- chronic heart failure
soluble matrix
- osmotically active pores in the tablet
- OROS
What is intraruminal bolus and in which way are they releasing
large tablets given to ruminants
modified release
sustained release
pulse release
ex: ketosis or parasitic control
lasts for long period
Packaging
usually plastic or aluminium foil and paper box
What is the useage of herbal tea?
per os
topically: for washing wounds
what is meant by infusion, herbal tea?
essential oils, substances that are easily dissolved
inactivation when expressed to permenent hot temperature
What is meant by decoction?
sbstances that are difficult to extract - like tannic acid
What is meant by maceration?
soaking
luke warm, 1 day to filtrate, heat sensitive substances
What is the composition of herbal tea?
active substances with mild effect
herbal parts
ocasionally: effect enhancer chemiclas - potassium sodium tartrate for laxtaive herbal tea
What is the usage of transdermal patches, implant?
continous, prolonged release
What is the usage of transdermal patches?
drugs with excellent dermal absorption
systemic effects, such as analgesic
What is the usage of subdermal implants?
frequently used
oestrus synchronisation
deslorelin: GnRH, chemically sterilize male, off label cat+ferrets, reversible: gets back the male function
Collars and eartags as medicine?
antiparasitic, prescription is usually not required
Vaginal delivery systems usage, pros and cons
oestrus synchronisation
horses dont tolerate it
might fall out
