2nd Semester Test Flashcards
Define heart attack, or Myocardial Infarction
A sudden loss of blood to the heart mussel resulting in the death of any tissue or muscle in that area
Define plaque
Fatty deposits
Define Aneurysm
A weakening wall of blood vessels often at high risk for bursting
Define stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)
A sudden attack or weakness or paralysis that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or becomes blocked
What is Hypertension?
Chronic (having it ALL THE TIME) blood pressure.
What are the warning signs of a heart attack?
Pain in the chest, and spreading pain in the shoulders, neck, and arms. Also may include chest discomfort combined with lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, nausea, and shortness of breath
What are the warning signs of a stroke?
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, an arm or a leg, trouble seeing in one or both eyes, sudden dizziness or loss of coordination, or a sudden severe head ache
What is considered a healthy blood pressure reading?
Less than 120/80
What is CVD?
What are controllable and uncontrollable risk factors of it?
Cardiovascular disease
Genes
Smoking
Explain the components of an energy model.
CO does not occur naturally in the blood stream, but H2O and O2 go into the cell and then CO2 goes back into the blood stream.
What is LDL cholesterol? HDL? What are the differences between the two?
Low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein.
LDL is bad cholesterol,HDL is good.
Cancer
A disease caused by an uncontrollable division of abnormal cells in a certain part of the human body.
Tumor
A swelling part of the body that is caused by an abnormal growth of tissue
What’s the difference between benign rumors and migrant tumors
Benign tumors are non cancerous and cannot attack neighboring tissues, malignant tumors are the opposite
Metastasis
A secondary growth that’s separate from where cancer first started it growth
What the most common type of cancer?
Breast cancer
What cancer causes the most deaths per year?
Lung cancer
What are ways to treat cancer?
Biopsy (removal of tissue to look) Surgery (removal of tumor) Radiation Chemotherapy (anti-cancer drugs) Immunotherapy (immune system stimulated)
What are ways to reduce risk of cancer? (9steps)
Know 8 warnings, tobacco free, sun protection, antioxidants/drink from plastic, good weight/body composition, no alcohol, no dangerous chemicals/air born fibers, no air pollution, know your family’s cancer history.
What’s the ABCD of skin cancer?
Asymmetry (mole not symmetrical) Border (mole irregular, fuzzy, raised) Color (black, grey, red, or blue) Diameter (larger than 6 mm) Evolution (changing over time)
Whats Diabetes, and what are its warning signs?
A condition when the pancreas does not produce enough and/or can’t use insulin.
What’s the role of insulin?
hormone that regulates blood sugar level, by removing glucose from the blood stream
How do you reduce the risk of and/or treat diabetes?
Don’t be overweight, female, over 40, or have a family history
Caused by a auto immune disease,
will need daily insulin injection
What are the differences and similarities between type one and type two diabetes?
Type one can’t produce insulin at all, and is an autoimmune disease
Type two produces very little or produces insulin that resists cells
What are the functions of carbohydrates? (6)
Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose, Sparing the use of protein for energy, Breakdown fatty acids preventing keypads
What are 2 examples of complex and simple carbohydrates
Whole grains, vegetables
Milk, honey
What function do proteins serve?
Most of the work for the cells, for structure, and the regulation of the body’s tissues and organs
What are 2 examples of complete and incomplete proteins?
Complete proteins contain all 9 amino acids, eggs and fish
White bread, rice
What is the function of fat? (3)
Backup source of energy when carbohydrates are unavailable, absorbs certain nutrients, and maintains your core body temp.
List 2 examples of unsaturated, saturated, and trans fat
Sunflower, fish
Lamb, butter
Cakes, crackers
What’s the function of water?
Water is used in cells, organs, and tissues to help regulate temp. and to help maintain other functions of the body.
What is the function of vitamins and minerals?
They are essential nutrients, they perform hundreds of roles in the body. (shoreing bones, heal wounds, bolster immune system, covert food to energy, repair cells, etc…)
Identify the importance of fiber in our diet and provide a food source
Helps prevent heart disease, diabetes, weight gain, etc..
Wheat, corn, and rice bran
What are the characteristics of Chronic Bronchitis?
Inflination and swelling if the lining air way us. Could stimulate production of mucus causing even more blockage
What are the characteristics of Emphysema?
It’s a condition that makes it so the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness
Leukoplakia
A disease which causes bone marrow and other blood forming organs to produce increase numbers of immature of abnormal leukocytes
Atherosclerosis
A disease caused by a build up of fatty material on the inside walls of ones arteries
Define Cardiovascular disease, what are its 4 forms?
Disease disorders that result Fro damage to the heart and blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis, hypertension (high blood pressure), heart attack, and stroke.
What do saturated fats doV
Raise the level of cholesterol in the blood
Trans fat
Unsaturated fatty acids, can increase risk of atherosclerosis
