11. The following are signs & symptoms of vitamin C deficiency, EXCEPT: a. gingivitis b. petechial hemorrhages c. cheilosis d. impaired wound healing

C • Deficiency in B2 aka Riboflavin

2nd Sem - 6th Evals Batch 2018 Flashcards by Kristine Veneracion

An agent that is considered a folate antagonist; it inhibits dihydrofolate reductase enzyme:
a. amoxicillin
b. paracetadsdmols
c. methotrexate
d. macrodantin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A water soluble vitamin that participates in hydroxylation reactions:
a. thiamine
b. riboflavin
c. niacin
d. ascorbic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two water soluble vitamins whose deficiencies have similar megaloblastic anemia and gastrointestinal symptoms:
a. thiamine, niacin
b. folate, cobalamin
c. ascorbic acid, pantothenate
d. riboflavin, ascrobate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A complete vegetarian diet would precipitate a deficiency from this vitamin:
a. cobalamin
b. ascorbate
c. pantothenate
d. biotin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A person who does not eat vegetables would develop a deficiency from these vitamins:
a. cobalamin, thiamine
b. niacin, pyridoxal PO4
c. folate, ascorbate
d. riboflavin, pantothenate

c. folate, ascorbate
• Especially folate. Remember that Vit C can also be obtained in fruits (yes
tomato is a FRUIT (among others). Hello Biologists. :D)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When a new born baby is exposed to blue light for phototherapy, the infant will develop a
deficiency from vitamin B2, because:
a. inability to take the vitamin from milk
b. sensitivity to light, inactivating the vitamin
c. immaturity of the liver to metabolize the molecule
d. transformed to an active intermediate that is not metabolized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A deficiency from this water soluble vitamin results to bleeding of gums: a. pantothenate
b. folate
c. nicotinate d. ascorbate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A water-soluble vitamin that therapeutically lowers high lipid levels in the blood:
a. vitamin B3
b. vitamin B12
c. vitamin B6
d. vitamin B5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A person rushed to the emergency room of UST Hospital, has high lactate levels, and suspected of impairment of the PDH activity. Name some vitamins that can cause such signs:
a. cobalamin, folate
b. ascorbate, pyridoxine
c. niacin, riboflavin, thiamine
d. lipoate, folate, pyridoxamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 23 year old female consulted with seborrheic dermatitis with blood chemistry result of reduced glutathione reductase activity is suspected of having a deficiency of:
a. vitamin B1
b. vitamin B2
c. vitamin B3
d. vitamin B12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The following are signs & symptoms of vitamin C deficiency, EXCEPT:
a. gingivitis
b. petechial hemorrhages
c. cheilosis
d. impaired wound healing

• Deficiency in B2 aka Riboflavin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

12. Name
a confirmatory test for a deficiency from vitamin B1:
a. WBC transketolase activity
b. 24-hr urinary thiamine levels
c. thiamine excreted thru the stools
d. all of the choices

• Because we are dealing with water soluble vitamins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

13. A vitamin needed, as a coenzyme, in addition of a carbon moiety coming from carbon
dioxide:
a. biotin
b. pantothenate
c. folate
d. THB4

a. biotin - Glycogen and Fat synthesis
b. pantothenate - CoA
c. folate - (+ B12) RBC formation/maturation
d. THB4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The form of vitamin B6 that result from the inactivation by intake of INH for Koch’s infection:
a. pyridoxamine
b. pyridoxal PO4
c. pyridoxal
d. pyridoxal hydrazone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Burning feet syndrome is associated with what vitamin deficiency?
a. B1
b. B2
c. B3
d. B5

this plus DADA = Diarrhea, Allopecia, Dermatitis, Adrenal Insufficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If an individual has an energy requirement of 2200 kcalories/day, how much energy does he need to carry out his normal body functions?
a. 115 – 230 kcals
b. 690 – 800 kcals
c. 1000 – 2000 kcals
d. 1100 – 1500 kcals

d. 1100 – 1500 kcals
• Basal energy expenditure (BEE) should comprise 50-70% of total energy
requirement in a day. Diet induced thermogenesis: 5-10%. Activity
thermogenesis: 30%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thermogenesis: 30%
17. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding water losses of an individual?
a. Fever increases water loss by about 100ml/day per o C rise in temperature
• increases water loss by about 200ml/day
b. Infants have lower needs for water because the are small
• Infants have higher needs for water because of their large ratio of surface area to volume, limited capacity of immature kidney to handle high renal solute loads and their inability to communicate their thirst
c. Lactating women should have additional water requirements by as much as 1L/day
• 1 mL for each mL of milk produced
d. Increased water needs during pregnancy are about 5L/d • increased water…about 30mL/d

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inadequate carbohydrate intake may lead to which of the following catastrophic processes?
a. severe muscle wasting
b. cationic loss
c. ketosis
d. dehydration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is true regarding the factors affecting resting energy expenditure (REE)?
a. Females generally have higher REE since they have higher body fat content
• Males have higher REE
• Muscles are more metabolically active than fat tissues
• Higher lean body mass → higher REE
b. REE
• REE increased in a cold environment because body has to produce more
is higher during summer because of ambient temperature
heat to maintain normal body temperature generally increases with age
c. REE
• decreases with age
d. The heavier the person, the higher the REE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all individuals in a life stage and gender group:
a. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
• average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of
one half of the individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
b. Recommended Daily Allowance ( RDA)
c. Adequate Intake ( AI)
• Based on estimates of nutrient intake by a group of apparently healthy
people that are assumed to be adequate
d. Tolerable Upper Intake Level ( UL)
• highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Levels of nutrients which are adequate for the maintenance of health and well- being of nearly all healthy Filipinos:
a. Recommended Daily Allowance ( RDA)
• Average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient
requirements of nearly all individuals in a life stage and gender group b. Adequate Intake ( AI)
• Based on estimates of nutrient intake by a group of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate
c. Tolerable Upper Intake Level ( UL)
• highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of
adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population d. Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENI)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Using the Tannhauser’s method, a Filipino basketball player who is 5 feet and 8 inches tall should have desirable body weight of:
a. 135 lbs
b. 145 lbs
• 5’8” = 68 in X 2.54 = 172.72cm
• Tannhauser’s: 172.72 - 100 = 72.72 - 7.272 (10%) = 65.448 kg
• 65.448kg X 2.2 = 143.9 lbs = 145 lbs
c. 155 lbs
d. 165lbs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A lunch consisting of 40 grams protein, 100 grams carbohydrates and 30 grams fat will
have a total calories of: a. 560
b. 630 c. 730 d. 830
• 1 gram protein/carb = 4 Calories
• 1 gram fat = 9 Calories
• (40 X 4) + (100 X 4) + (30 X 9) = 160 + 400 + 270 = 830

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

25. BONUS. A 60- kg biochemistry professor has a total daily caloric intake of 1800 calories which is distributed as follows: 250 g of carbohydrates, 95 g lipids, 113 g of proteins. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the patient’s dietary intake? a. She is on a high high lipid diet b. The proportions of the 3 foodstuffs in her diet do not conform to the recommended guidelines c. About 25% of the calories are derived from proteins d. All of the above statements are true

BONUS

26. Which of the following statements is true of ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS: a. Must be supplied in the diet because man has lost the capacity to aminate the corresponding keto-acids. b. Must be supplied in the diet because man has an impaired ability to synthesize the carbon chain of corresponding keto-acids c. Are identical in all mammals d. The best sources are plant proteins

27. Which of the following statements is true concerning respiratory quotient (RQ)? a. RQ

28. A 6- yr old child should have a desirable body weight of: a. 10kg b. 15kg c. 20 kg ● CHILDREN (greater than 1 y/o ● DBW (kg) = (no. of yrs X 2) + 8 = (6 X 2) + 8 = 20 d. 25 kg

29. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the provision of macronutrients during stress? a. Carbohydrate should be provided at least 100 g/day needed to prevent ketosis b. Fat should provide 20%-35% of total calories c. Protein requirements range from 1.2- 2.0 g/kg/day during stress d. All of the above

30. Given the Harris-Benedict energy expenditure (HBEE) for males: 66.47 + (13.75 x weight) + (5 x height) – (6.76 x age), What should be the total energy requirement for a 30 yr old male who is 5 ft 6 inches tall weighing 70 kg and is actively involved in marathon? a. 2000 calories b. 2500 calories c. 3000 calories d. 3500 calories

31. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding energy requirement? a. Infants, children, and adolescents need more energy per unit body weight than adults b. Older persons have lower energy needs because of their decline in activity and lower BMR c. A tall individual uses more energy than a shorter one to perform a task d. All of the above

32. Who has the highest energy requirement? a. long distance runner b. medical student c. newly-wed woman d. teenagers

33. The recommended daily dietary fiber intake should be : a. 5 -10 gms b. 10-15 gms c. 15 -25 gms d. 20-30 gms

34. Which of the following gases are used to calculate heat production by indirect calorimetry? a. carbon dioxide and oxygen b. oxygen and nitrogen c. carbon dioxide and nitrogen d. oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide

35. Which of the following is NOT considered as nutrient? a. carbohydrate b. alcohol ● does not contribute to mental or physical health or growth c. vitamins d. protein

36. Dietary fiber reduces colonic cancer risk by: a. increasing fecal volume thereby increasing carcinogen elimination b. decreasing fecal volume thereby decreasing concentration of carcinogens c. reducing the intestinal transit time thus reducing contact time between carcinogen and colonic mucosa d. altering colon bacterial metabolism favoring increased carcinogen production

37. Which of the following statements is TRUE of carbohydrate? a. It is the cheapest source of energy for Filipinos b. It yields the highest amount of ATP per grams • Fat has higher amount energy content c. It is mainly the cause of modern day obesity • “Carbs is not inherently fattening” -Doc Uy d. Excessive intake can lead to ketogenesis • Low levels of CHO -> Lipolysis -> Ketosis

38. Fats are better sources of energy than carbohydrates or proteins because: a. they are completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water b. the energy from fats are readily available • long process c. their carbon skeletons are linear d. they yield more calories per gram when oxidized • 9 kcal/g compared to 4 kcal/g of CHO and CHON

39. ____Which of the following statements is/true concerning dietary lipid? a. safflower oil and olive oil are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids • Safflower oil is high in PUFA while Olive oil is high in MUFA b. Salmon is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids • c. Animal fats generally have more saturated fatty acids than those of plants d. ALL OF THE ABOVE

40. Which of the following is TRUE of dietary fats and cardiovascular disease? a. Coconut and palm oils are the most potent in increasing cardiovascular disease ● myristic and palmitic are the most potent (found in meat products) b. Mediterranean diets show low incidence of CHD because of increase use of salmon oil ● Mediterranean diets use olive oil c. The effects of polyunsaturated fats on CHD is influenced by the location of the double bonds within the molecule. d. Saturated fats are those having side chains with at least one double bond which increases the incidence of CHD. ● Saturated fats have no double bonds

41. Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? a. Linolenic acid ● body cannot produce together with Linoleic acid b. Arachidonic acid c. Stearic acid d. Palmitic acid

42. The glycemic index of a food is a way of assessing how rapidly the carbohydrate in that food is digested and absorbed. Which of the following is the best definition of glycemic index? a. The increase in the blood concentration of glucose after consuming the food. b. The increase in the blood concentration of glucose after injecting insulin. c. The increase in the blood concentration of insulin after consuming the food compared with an equivalent amount of white bread. d. The increase in the blood concentration of glucose after consuming the food compared with equivalent amount of white bread.

43. The following statements are all true of marasmus, except which one of the following? a. A virtually all available body fat stores have been exhausted due to starvation b. involves substantial loss of lean body mass due to chronic systemic inflammation c. increased catabolism of protein throughout the body, including vital organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. d. There is no exception

44. Which of the following is considered a diagnostic criteria of kwashiorkor? a. Triceps skinfold <15 cm ● for marasmus

45. ____Consider the following scenario: A patient’s post-op wound dehisces , pressure sores are developing, diarrhea is occurring with enteral feeding, there is gastrointestinal bleeding from the NGT. The patient most likely is suffering from which biochemical abnormality? a. hypoglycemia b. electrolyte imbalance c. hypoalbuminemia ● The case being described is kwashiorkor which is characterized by having a serum albumin

``` 46. Which of the following disease states would have the highest increase in resting metabolic rate? a. Elective surgery ● increase by 10% b. Third degree burns ● increase by 110% c. Septic shock ● increase by 30-60% d. Peritonitis ● increase by 30-60% ```

47. The following metabolic processes are all decreased in a marasmic patient, except which one? a. proteolysis ● increased in kwashiorkor b. fatty acid oxidation ● relative increase c. gluconeogenesis ● increased in kwashiorkor d. oxygen consumption ● increased in kwashiorkor

48. Which of the following is utilized as fuel during hypoxemic states? a. Glucose ● ONLY fuel that can be used by hypoxemic tissues b. Fatty acids c. Glutamine

49. Which of the following statements is TRUE of protein catabolism? a. The rate of endogenous protein breakdown to supply energy needs normally falls during uncomplicated energy deprivation b. During severe sepsis , protein catabolism increases to >175 grams/day ● increases to 30-60 grams/day ● Major burns or head injuries: > 175 grams/day c. Protein breakdown is lowest during uncomplicated surgery which is 12-18 g/d ● 10 days of total starvation ● uncomplicated surgery: 60-90 grams/day d. All of the above

50. All of a. milk the following are high protein quality foods based on PDCAAS, except which one? b. egg c. soya ● All three have PDCAAS value of 1.00 d. Wheat bread ● has PDCAAS value of 0.40 ● Gelatin = 0.08

51. How would you solve for the recommended protein intake of a person that weighs 165 lbs? a. Divide pounds by 2.2 to convert to kg, divide by 0.8g/kg b. Divide pounds by 2.2 to convert to kilograms, multiply by 0.8g/kg c. Multiply pounds by 0.8 to convert to kg, divide by 2.2 d. Multiply pounds by 0.8 to convert to kg, multiply 2.2g/kg

52. A 22 year old medical student suffered multiple rib fractures and injuries secondary vehicular accident.He stayed in the intensive care unit for almost one month. He is now recovering from his condition and is on rehabilitation program. Which of the following can be said of his metabolic condition? a. the excretion of nitrogenous compounds is less than the dietary intake b. positive nitrogen balance c. there is net retention of the nitrogen in the body as protein d. All of the above

53. Which of the following statements is true regarding LIPID storage: a. The more saturated a lipid the larger the energy yield on complete oxidation. b. The depo lipid stores of the body are in a dynamic steady state c. Depot lipids of man consist largely of triglycerides d. All of the above

54. Which of the following metabolic processes is occurring in an individual during the post- absorptive state? a. Glycogen is being released from the liver b. Fatty acids are being taken up by the heart and skeletal muscle. c. Ketone body levels are high d. There is excessive nitrogen losses

55. Which statements is true of trans fatty acids? They a. occur naturally in plants ● do NOT occur naturally in plants but in small amounts in animals ● found in commercial baked cookies , cake and most deep fried food b. elevate HDL-C ● elevate LDL-C c. are “partially hydrogenated” d. are saturated fatty acids ● classified as unsaturated FAs but behave more like saturate FAs

56. The major by-product of protein breakdown is which of the following? a. urea b. creatinine c. uric acid d. alanine

57. Which of the following has the highest saturated fat content? a. Chicken fat b. Beef tallow c. lard • SFA is 5g per 5g d. Olive oil • mainly MUFA but SFA is 1.82g per 5g

``` 58. Which food is a very good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? a. Coconut oil • MUFA b. Corn oil c. Canola oil • MUFA d. anchor butter • Saturated fat ```

59. Fatty liver is commonly seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is due to which of the following? a. Excessive fatty acid synthesis in the liver b. Decreased cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver c. Excessive migration of triacylglycerol to the liver d. Loss of ability of the liver to oxidize fatty acids

60. Which of the following carbohydrates is abundant in beers? a. Maltose ● large amounts in beers and malt liquors b. Sucrose ● table sugar; abundant in molasses and maple syrup c. Fructose ● abundant in fruits, corn syrup, sweet corn and honey d. Lactose ● principal sugar in milk